<p>The Marsh School is an historic school at 930 Bangor Road in Prospect, Maine. Built about 1880, it is the only surviving one-room schoolhouse in the rural community, and also served for a time as its town hall. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Marsh School is located in central Prospect, on the west side of Bangor Road (United States Route 1A) on the southern fringe of the town&#39;s dispersed rural village center, and in front of Maple Grove Cemetery, whose entrance lies just to the north. The school is a small single-story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof, wooden clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. A small shed-roof addition projects from the rear of the southern side. The main facade, facing east, is three bays wide, with the entrance in the left bay, and sash windows in the other two bays and at the attic level. The north and west sides are characterized by bands of sash windows; the north side has a secondary entrance at its far western end. The interior of the main block has an entry hall and closet across the front, and a single large classroom, which still retains some original features. The addition, originally built to house a woodshed and privy, was probably rebuilt in the 1960s, and now houses a bathroom and furnace.</p><br>
<p>This building as traditionally been given a construction date of 1836, but architectural styling and workmanship suggest it is more likely that it was built sometime after the American Civil War, with a possible reuse of older materials from an earlier building. With an estimated construction date of 1880, it would be the third schoolhouse built by the town, a function it served until 1963. During this time, it was also used as a polling place and site for town meetings. In 1961 the town consolidated its schools with neighboring Verona, and its other surviving district school was demolished. The present building, closed as a school in 1963, was refurbished with new floors and other alterations, and continued to be used for town offices and meetings for several decades. It now stands vacant.</p><br>
<p>Kavalliani is a small island in the South Euboean Gulf. It is located opposite of ancient Rhamnous in Attica. The island is still uninhabited although a building cooperative of Emporiki Bank is developed in the island. The island has an area about 2 km. Administratively, the island belongs to Styra municipality.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Kavalliani also named Andriani. In antiquity, the island possibly was the island Glaukonisos that was referred by Pliny. Around the islands some wrecks have taken place. There are wrecks of ancient ships but the most famous is the wreck of steamship Himarra in 1947. The steamship Himarra sank few metres southwest of Kavalianni and overall 385 people drowned. It was the most deadly wreck in the modern Greek history.the first owner of the island was doctor dimitrios bellos.bellos family is still the owner of kavalliani and the small island koukistra north of kavalliani.</p><br>
<p>The Buhler House is a historic house at 1820 Fair Park Boulevard in Little Rock, Arkansas. It is a 2-1/2 story structure, its exterior clad in brick, set on a field stone foundation. Stylistically it is in the English Revival, with a tile roof and trim elements of concrete. The house&#39;s most distinctive feature is its internal frame, which is constructed entirely out of steel beams. Its exterior and interior door frames are also steel, as is the front door, which has been processed to resemble walnut. It was built in 1930-31 by Henry Buhler, owner of a local real estate development firm. No other residential structure in the state has been documented to have this type of construction.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Nequasset Lake, or Nequasset Pond, is a 392-acre, largely undeveloped lake located entirely in the town of Woolwich, Maine.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Nequasset is a coastal warm-water lake. The shore of the lake is mostly rocky, with multiple sand beaches scattered in coves across the lake. The largest of these beaches is located on the north shore, often referred to as "Sandy Beach" by locals. Multiple rocky points can be found along the shoreline, with at least one small rock island located along the eastern shore. Although the lake&#39;s deepest point is 63 feet, the vast majority of the lake does not reach this depth. The southern end of the lake averages 40–50 feet deep and the northern end is much shallower, with few locations deeper than 30 feet. The lakebed is mostly sand and gravel, though it is covered by a thick layer of branches and leaves due to the lack of development along the shorelines. The water temperature is 72 °F at surface level and 56 °F at 60 feet. The lake has very low oxygen levels at its deepest points.</p><br>
<h2>Fish ladder and alewives</h2><br>
<p>Nequasset Lake is home to a commercial alewife fishery. Originally built in 1955, the fish ladder found on Nequasset Brook allows for fish to pass into the lake to spawn while also allowing for fish to be harvested. By 2011 the original fish ladder was in inadequate shape. In 2014 a new fish ladder was installed on the site of the old ladder to allow for easier fish passage. In 2015 Nequasset lake had an estimated run of 300,666 alewives.</p><br>
<h2>Fishery</h2><br>
<p>Nequasset Lake is home to the fish of a typical warm-water lake. These include largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, chain pickerel, white perch, yellow perch, pumpkinseed sunfish, redbreast sunfish, hornpout, eel, and a variety of baitfish. Anglers report largemouth bass in the range of 2–4 pounds range with the occasional 5-pound or bigger fish. Bass fishing is most productive in Nequasset Lake from late spring to early fall, with peak fishing in midsummer. The Maine Department of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife annually stocks the lake with brown trout to provide winter anglers with cold-water gamefish during the ice-fishing season. Because of low oxygen levels at the lake&#39;s deepest points and high temperatures in shallow water, it is unlikely that any trout hold over into the summer months. Trout can however be caught in the first weeks after iceout.</p><br>
<h2>Public access</h2><br>
<p>Nequasset Lake can be accessed off of Old Stage Road at its northern inlet or at Nequasset Park off of George Wright Road at its southern outlet. Access on the north end is limited by a bridge, which can make passage in a motorized boat difficult when the water level is high. Nequasset Lake is prohibited to motorboats of greater than 10 horsepower because it is a public water supply. Trails leading to rocky points on multiple parts of the lake are present and allow for productive bank fishing.</p><br>
<h2>Water supply</h2><br>
<p>Nequasset Lake is the principal water supply for the Bath Water District, which serves the city of Bath and the southern portion of Woolwich. The lakes water is supplied to 15,000 people in 3,000 homes and buildings. The Bath Water Districts pump station is a large brick building situated on the southwest end of the lake. It is the only major structure located on the body of water.</p><br>
<p>The Bush-Dubisson House is a historic house at 1500 South Ringo Street in Little Rock, Arkansas. It is a two-story masonry structure, built out of red brick with a tile roof. It has classical Prairie School features, including a broad hip roof with extended eaves, a single-story porch, part of which is open and part is topped by a balcony supported by large brick piers. It was built in 1925 for Aldridge Bush, a prominent local African-American businessman, and was owned for many years by another, Daniel J. Dubisson. It was designed by S.E. Wiggin, a local African-American contractor.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. A previous house built for Bush to a design by Charles L. Thompson, is also listed on the National Register as the Bush House; it stands at 1516 South Ringo.</p><br>
<p>The Howard Hardware Storehouse is a historic storage building off Bridge Street in Bellows Falls, Vermont. Built about 1895, it is a surviving reminder of the city&#39;s railroad-related economic past, built in a distinctive tetrahedral shape to accommodate nearby railroad lines. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Howard Hardware Storehouse is located on the far eastern side of the island formed by the Connecticut River to the east, and the Bellows Falls Canal to the west. It is set north of Bridge Street, east of a modern service station, which separates it from the Adams Gristmill Warehouse, another historic rail-related storage facility. Immediately to its north runs the railroad line of the Boston and Maine Railroad, shortly before it crosses the river into New Hampshire. To its west runs the curving route of a former railroad siding, the tracks now removed, that gave access to the rail yard on the north end of the island. Because of these two lines, the building has a tetrahedral rather than rectangular shape. It is a 1-1/2 story frame structure, with a gable roof and clapboard siding. It is mounted on granite piers, and is oriented with its primary gabled facade facing the former siding to the west. This facade, and the eastern one, each have a single sliding freight door made of beaded vertical boarding; there are also two freight doors on the long north facade.</p><br>
<p>The warehouse was built about 1895, and was originally attached to a coalshed and second storehouse (neither still standing) that belonged to the hardware and farm supply business of L.G. and C.E. Howard, whose retail location was in the main square of Bellows Falls. This location provided easy means for the business to offload goods shipped by rail, and transport them to its store. The building is one of a small number of surviving vernacular commercial structures related to Bellows Falls&#39; railroad-influenced past.</p><br>
<p>Commissioner Bidwill&#39;s Grave is a heritage-listed lone grave of John Carne Bidwill at Cran Road, Tinana, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1853. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 30 April 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The headstone and lone grave located near the junction of Tinana Creek and the Mary River adjacent to Cran Road known as Commissioner for Crown Lands John Carne Bidwill&#39;s grave site is a significant place in the history of the Maryborough region. It marks the final resting place for John Carne Bidwill who was Commissioner for Crown Lands from 1849-52. Bidwill played an important role in the early development of the Wide Bay region, acting as Police Magistrate, Harbour Master, and registrar for Births, Deaths and Marriages.</p><br>
<p>Bidwill was however first and foremost a talented botanist and natural historian. He is believed to have introduced certain fruits, such as the mango, into Australia. Bidwill took specimen examples of the Bunya Bunya pine (Araucaria bidwillii) to London in 1843, a seedling of which was bought by Kew Gardens.</p><br>
<p>During exploration of the Brisbane Valley and areas to the north in 1841 he found examples of a giant Australian water lily (Nymphaea gigantea). He was involved in experiments to hybridise gladioli, hibiscus and amaryllis. Bidwill&#39;s hibiscus crosses were the first scientifically created examples in Australia.</p><br>
<p>John Carne Bidwill was born in Exeter, England, in February 1815. His father was a merchant. It is thought that his interest in botany was stimulated by two famous nearby nurseries owned by Veitch and Luscombe, Pince & Co. The Luscombe nursery was growing Australian plants in the 1830s. In 1832 Bidwill sailed aboard the "Exmouth" for Canada. After spending two years there he returned to England. In 1838 Bidwill and his sister Elizabeth sailed for Sydney to establish a branch of the family merchandising business in New South Wales.</p><br>
<p>At the end of 1838 John Bidwill applied for a 2000-acre grant of land to the west of Sydney. However increasing costs per acre of land, a result of the pastoral boom in New South Wales in the period of the late 1830s, saw Bidwill withdraw his application. Bidwill at this time sent back to England his first collection of Australian seeds, which were raised into plants at Joseph Knights Chelsea Nursery.</p><br>
<p>Bidwill left for New Zealand, arriving there in early 1839. He established two branches of the family business at Tauranga and Rotorua. Bidwill walked to Rotorua, collecting plant specimens along the way. Two species were named after him resulting from his collecting through New Zealand, Halocarpus bidwilli and Brachyglottis bidwilli. His experiences in New Zealand saw him publish Rambles in New Zealand (1841). Bidwill returned to New South Wales, and sent the best of his New Zealand collection to John Lindley at the London Horticultural Society. Lindley did not publish Bidwills work, and credited Ernst Diefenbach instead with his Bidwill&#39;s discoveries (Bidwill was to receive posthumous recognition).</p><br>
<p>John Bidwill returned to New Zealand in 1840 with his brother to build up the family business, and to continue his explorations and expand his botanical collection. Specimens from this period are kept at the Hooker Herbarium, Kew Gardens. Bidwill returned to Sydney in 1841 and worked with Joseph Hooker son of the eminent botanist. Colonial Secretary Alexander Mcleay also requested during this period that Bidwill undertake the collection of native fruits for study.</p><br>
<p>In furtherance of family business John Bidwill travelled to Moreton Bay in 1841, and began exploring to the north. He climbed the Glass House Mountains, and described a jasmine found on Mount Beerwah. It was known for a short time as Jasminum Bidwillii. Bidwill had also established a close relationship with the King and MacArthur families, and described and named a small orchid Dendrobium kingianum, which was named in honour of his friend Phillip Parker King. In 1841 Bidwill began work as an assistant in the Sydney Botanical Gardens, and also became a member of the Australia Club. Bidwill sailed to England in 1843, auctioneering off botanical specimens collected in Australia, as well as his gladioli hybrids.</p><br>
<p>Bidwill returned to Australia in 1844, in company with his other sister Mary. On his return voyage he brought back to Australia specimens of bananas, apples, passionfruit and apricots. After his return he established his own nursery (thought to have been at Camden). Examples of his camellias are still grown in the Camden area. He also continued his experimentation on hybridising gladioli. Later in 1844 he again returned to New Zealand, sailing on to Tahiti. He attempted to establish a passionfruit plantation in Tahiti, which failed. He sent living examples of Tahitian orchids to England, but these were misdirected and sent instead to his father.</p><br>
<p>Bidwill was appointed in mid 1847 to the position of Government Botanist and Director of the Sydney Botanical Gardens, by Colonial Secretary Earl Grey. Charles Moore was appointed to this position as a result of a bureaucratic mistake in London, and arrived to take up this position in January 1848. Bidwill acted in the capacity of Botanist and Director until the end of 1847. Bidwill then took his case to the Governor and requested that he be considered for any Crown Lands Commissioner&#39;s position then being created. He was appointed Commissioner for Crown Lands in November 1848 and confirmed Commissioner for the Wide Bay region. Bidwill travelled from Sydney to Brisbane on the Tamar arriving at Wide Bay village in December 1848.</p><br>
<p>Bidwill after his arrival established a residence for himself on the banks of Tinana Creek, near the junction of the Mary River and the creek. His residence was some six kilometres down stream from the Wide Bay village. The village itself was renamed Maryborough in 1849, and subsequently proclaimed a township on 2 February 1851. Bidwill had erected for himself a cottage, stables and a barracks for his assistants in the Crown Lands work.</p><br>
<p>The name Tinana, given by Bidwill to his residence and gardens as well as the creek nearby, is thought to have been inspired by the Maori leader Tinanah. The garden that Bidwill established was extensive, and during his time as Commissioner, Bidwill continued to collect and grow botanical specimen&#39;s as well as to experiment and grow fruit and vegetable plants. He continued forwarding plants to Kew Gardens. Bidwill however was unable to act as an efficient administrator in his job as Crown Lands Commissioner.</p><br>
<p>In July 1849 Bidwill was involved in an altercation with John Daniel Mactaggart of Kilkivan station, a result of a remark made by Bidwill accusing him of selling sly grog to his workers. Mactaggart challenged Bidwill to a duel, which was refused. Mactaggart struck Bidwill with a stock whip demanding satisfaction. A charge of assault was brought against Mactaggart by Bidwill, and the case was heard in Brisbane in May 1850. Mactaggart was found guilty and sentenced to imprisonment.</p><br>
<p>Bidwill was noted as sometimes exhibiting irrational behaviour during his term as Crown Lands Commissioner. He was considered a "harsh master", and disciplinarian. An employee of Bidwill&#39;s, George Dart who was later to become a well known identity in the commerce and social life of Maryborough claimed that Bidwill resorted on one occasion to purchasing and setting a man trap to halt the stealing of poultry, gardens and livestock by local Aboriginal groups.</p><br>
<p>According to Dart the trap did catch an Aboriginal raiding the house garden, and the extent of injuries led to the "mercy" killing of the individual by one of Bidwills workers. Bidwill himself shot at local Aboriginals on several occasions in an attempt to prevent their pilfering. On another occasion Bidwill chose not to intervene in the murder of a local Aboriginal that was committed by a settler George Fueber in the Maryborough settlement. The shooting was witnessed by Bidwill outside of Richard Palmers Inn. He chose not to act intervene in the matter despite the fact that he was Chief Magistrate for the Wide Bay, and was therefore responsible for policing.</p><br>
<p>Bidwills property featured two gardens, the larger was at the junction of Tinana Creek and the Mary River. This featured most of the botanic and fruit specimens. The Commissioners living quarters were situated at a higher elevation to the west of the "lower garden" and featured a "house garden" supplying pumpkins, sweet potatoes and yams.</p><br>
<p>In 1852 he was ordered to mark a tree line for the use of drays, and to speed up the transport of prisoners from Maryborough to Brisbane. A more circuitous route then in use required five days of travelling between the two centres. Bidwill set out with horses and a dray from Tinana Creek and five other men. They cut a straight track through to Tahiti station, near Tiaro. Along the watershed of Tinana Creek the party followed a spur that divided Tinana Creek from the Mary River, and then travelled through the area of what later became Gympie. A temporary bridge was built over the Mary River in this area, and during its construction Bidwill was credited by George Dart with locating traces of gold, fifteen years before James Nash found the Gympie gold field.</p><br>
<p>The party then proceeded further south in the direction of the Glasshouse Mountains marking the tree line. The party came across evidence of the remains of the large scale killing of a stolen flock of sheep taken from Marodian station near Miva. The group camped near this location for several days, when the cook of the party informed Bidwill that rations were running short. Bidwill believing that the party were near Durundur station decided to cut through the scrub with an assistant, Slade, to get rations.</p><br>
<p>Both mens rations were exhausted in two days. For the next sixteen days Bidwill and Slade existed off snails, and edible roots identified by Bidwill. A party of Aboriginals rescued the starving men near Durundur station. The privations of the eighteen days, including eight without food severely affected Bidwills health. Bidwill stayed for several weeks recuperating, before setting off for Brisbane in weakened state. Doctors in Brisbane sent him on to Sydney for further treatment. He returned to Maryborough, but despite the attendance of three doctors, one from Gayndah and two from Maryborough, died on the 16 March 1853 at the age of 38. He was buried amongst the plants of his botanical garden ("lower garden"). Cause of death was attributed to a severe kidney complaint.</p><br>
<p>A Bunya pine was planted at each corner of his grave to mark its position. His brother Charles came from New Zealand to collect his personal effects, all other items of Bidwills were auctioned. In 1854 Sir Charles Moore and Walter Hill (curator of Brisbane Botanical Gardens) made a collection of specimens from Bidwills garden. Surviving trees from the collection are thought to be a Bunya Pine and Sausage Tree in Queen&#39;s Park, Maryborough. Other specimens were sent to Brisbane, Rockhampton and Ipswich.</p><br>
<p>A lychee tree thought to be a surviving specimen from Bidwill&#39;s "lower" garden survives near the bank of Tinana Creek, approximately 30 metres from the grave. Conservation work was carried out on this headstone in 1988. A sandstone headstone identifies the grave.</p><br>
<p>John Carne Bidwill despite his enthusiasm and drive for botanical collecting and study is today largely an unknown figure in the history of Queensland, New South Wales and in the history of the South Pacific. The suburb of Bidwill in Maryborough, and a Parish near Maryborough are named after him, as well as the suburb of Bidwill in Sydney. Ten Australian and three New Zealand plant species are also named after him. Altogether thirty plants carry his name.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Commissioner Bidwill&#39;s Grave is located on a rise, adjoining a sugar cane paddock, to the south of the junction of Tinana Creek and the Mary River, adjacent to Cran Road, Tinana.</p><br>
<p>The grave has a gabled sandstone headstone, with two large diagonal breaks, which has been reconstructed with a compressed fibrous cement sheet fixed to the back and a concrete base.</p><br>
<p>A lychee tree is located to the west of the grave.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Commissioner Bidwill&#39;s Grave was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 30 April 1997 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Commissioner for Crown Lands John Carne Bidwill&#39;s grave, located near the junction of Tinana Creek and the Mary River adjacent to Cran Road, is important in demonstrating the growth of the Wide Bay district and the role of the first Commissioner for Crown Lands in the pre-separation period of Queensland history. It also marks the burial location of the first person commissioned to mark a new direct tree line for transport between the Maryborough-Wide Bay area and Brisbane replacing a more circuitous route via the Brisbane Valley.</p><br>
<p>The grave and adjacent Lychee tree are the last surviving evidence of the residence and gardens that Bidwill created during the period of 1849-52 during his appointment as Crown Lands Commissioner in the Wide Bay district. Bidwill chose to establish his living quarters six kilometres downstream from the original village of Wide Bay and named the creek junctioning with the Mary River at this location, Tinana. He also established a large botanical garden for the growing of specimen plants on the property. Bidwill himself was an active and prolific collector and grower of botanical specimens, as well as hybridiser of flowering plants. Specimens collected by him during travels in Australia, New Zealand and the South Pacific are kept in the Kew Gardens collection.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The grave marks the burial location of the first Commissioner for Crown Lands appointed to the Wide Bay region in 1849, John Carne Bidwill. In the early years of the Wide Bay area (1849–52) Bidwill played an important role in its establishment. As the Crown Lands commissioner his duties included administration of the licences issued for Crown Lands, but also acting as Police Magistrate, Harbour Master, and registrar for Births, Deaths and Marriages. After his death in 1853 Bidwill was buried in the botanical garden he created, of which reportedly only one fruit tree, a Lychee, remains.</p><br>
<p>The Ritner Creek Bridge was the last covered bridge on a state highway in Oregon. It carried Oregon Route 223  over Ritner Creek between Pedee and Kings Valley, about 15 mi south of Dallas, or 10 mi north of the junction with USA Route 20  in Wren. Built in 1927, in 1976 the bridge was lifted from its foundation and relocated just downstream of its original site and replaced by a concrete bridge. The bridge was constructed in 1927 by Hamer and Curry Contractors to Oregon State Highway Commission plans. The initial construction cost was $6,964. The original portal design was rounded at the edges but was changed to a square design in the early 1960s to accommodate larger loads to pass.</p><br>
<p>The 73 ft bridge was named for pioneer Sebastian Ritner, who arrived in the area in 1845. In 1974 the bridge was declared structurally unsafe and scheduled for removal. Local residents started a petition to keep the bridge, which became a ballot measure in May 1974. The measure passed and it was moved, replaced by a new highway bridge. The bridge was the last of its kind to serve on a state highway in Oregon. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, following nomination by the State Historic Preservation Office due to the fact that while nearly 450 covered bridges existed in Oregon at the time of the bridge&#39;s construction, by the mid-1970s fewer than 60 were left in the state.</p><br>
<p>Block D at the Urangan Point State School is a heritage-listed school building at Miller Street, Urangan, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Department of Public Works  and built from 1916 to 1928. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 October 1994.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This single-storeyed timber building was constructed in 1916 as the first Urangan Point State School. It was a Type 1 (open-air) school design, built to plans prepared by the Queensland Department of Public Works. Of the 138 open-air schools recently identified as being constructed in Queensland between 1914 and 1922, the first Urangan Point school building survives as one of less than 25% such buildings still in use in Queensland schools. It is also one of the more intact of these structures.</p><br>
<p>European settlement of the Urangan area dates at least to the 1860s, when timbergetters moved through the area. In the late 1860s and early 1870s the area was thrown open for selection, with Maryborough solicitor Edward Corser taking up the bulk of the Urangan township blocks, first surveyed in September 1867. A small fishing industry was established at Urangan Point in the late 19th century, but the main impetus for the towns development was the construction of the rail link to Maryborough (opened 19 December 1913), and the deep water jetty at Urangan Point (erected 1913-1917). In November 1915, the township consisted of a station masters residence, boarding house, hotel, and several small stores. The railway had been completed, opening up Urangan (or Port Maryborough as it was more officially known) as a seaside resort, and the jetty was under construction. Fishing was still the principal commercial activity, and a number of South Sea Islanders who had opted not to return to their home islands under the legislation of 1901, which provided for the repatriation of all South Sea Islanders by the end of 1906, moved to the district and were associated mostly with the fishing industry.</p><br>
<p>Urangan Point residents petitioned the Department of Public Instruction in August 1915, for the establishment of state school in their community. They had the support of the Port Maryborough (Urangan) Progress Association, and Maryborough businessman and politician Edward Corser, who was the Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly for Maryborough from October 1909 to May 1915, and the Member of the Australian House of Representatives for Wide Bay from December 1915 until his death in July 1928. Corser offered to sell to the Department of Public Instruction a central Urangan site of about 2.5 acres, first taken up by his father in 1871, and transferred to himself in 1908. Following a community meeting held on 4 October 1915 and the establishment of a school building committee, a formal application for the establishment of a state school at Urangan Point was made. The prospective enrolment was around 24.</p><br>
<p>The Urangan community already had access to two schools in the district: in Pialba, approximately 4 miles distant, and Torquay, just over 2 miles. Most Urangan children attended the overcrowded Torquay School, which was accommodating over twice the number of pupils for which it had been designed, and was in urgent need of additional accommodation. In his report of November 1915, the district schools inspector recommended that a school be established at Urangan, largely to relieve the pressure on Torquay, and that the site offered by Edward Corser would be suitable. Title was transferred to the Secretary for Public Instruction in July 1916.</p><br>
<p>As the Urangan Point settlement was a small one, and considered by the District Inspector of Schools unlikely to grow to any extent, an inexpensive Type I (Open-air) school building was recommended. The building comprised a single room, 21 feet by 14 feet, with desk accommodation for 30 students. It had canvas blinds to the window openings and two large canvas doors, one at the side and one in the front. There were no verandahs.</p><br>
<p>Open-air schooling had been experimented with around the turn of the century in England and Germany, and in the 1910s was promoted in Queensland by Dr Eleanor Bourne, Director of the Department of Public Instruction&#39;s School Medical Service from 1912. A recent study has identified 138 open-air schools constructed in Queensland between 1914 and 1922, with the bulk erected in 1915-16. Approximately 25% of these structures were constructed as annexes to established schools, but most were erected in sparsely settled districts as the only school building. They were comparatively inexpensive to construct, and were considered appropriate in areas unlikely to grow in population, or to transient mining or railway communities. Within a few years, the climatic disadvantages of these open-air schools, particularly those like the Urangan Point School, which had no verandahs, became apparent. When the canvas blinds were drawn against rain or wind, the schoolroom became dark and stuffy, and teaching was almost impossible. The canvas blinds were damaged easily, and required constant attention. They offered no resistance to intruders, and straying or native animals could not be kept out. In the early 1920s, all of the open-air buildings were enclosed with sliding sashes, timber walling and timber doors.</p><br>
<p>Tenders for the Urangan Point school were called in April 1916, with the contract being let in May to Maryborough contractor Christy Hansen, with a price of £183/5-, and a contract time of 3 months. The building was completed some months before opening to students on 9 October 1916. In the following year, local contractor James Ridgers was employed to fence the school grounds.</p><br>
<p>By mid-1918, the canvas blinds, which had no springs but used a weight, controlled by a rope, as counterpoise, were already causing problems. In 1924 these were replaced with the present sliding sash windows; the large canvas door at the front was replaced by vertically jointed timber to match the original walling; and the present entrance, at the side of the building, was filled in and a wooden door installed.</p><br>
<p>In June 1928, the school committee requested a shelter shed or verandah be erected, as on wet days children hadto stand in the rain until the arrival of the teacher. An awning or lean to was subsequently supplied, the work completed on 13 October 1928, at a cost of £20.</p><br>
<p>By mid-1931 the school building, which had been designed to accommodate 30 pupils, was seriously overcrowded, with an average attendance of over 40, and close to 50 pupils enrolled. Additional accommodation was considered urgent, and a new building, 21 by 18 with 8&#39; verandahs front and back, to accommodate 40 pupils, was commissioned. The contract was let in late 1931 to Messrs McKewen and Eckstein with a price of £312, and the new building was ready for occupation by mid-February 1932. Students in grades 1-3 remained in the early building, and the older students moved into the new building. This second school building was demolished in 1977.</p><br>
<p>By the early 1960s, Urangan Point State School comprised three classroom blocks, and the first school building had become the school library. In 1977 it was relocated to another site within the school grounds. The building has been re-roofed, and the ridge original ventilator has been removed. It now functions as a music room.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Block D of the Urangan Point State School is a single-room, single- storeyed timber building with concrete piers and a hipped corrugated iron roof. The building is set back from the school&#39;s Miller Street frontage with a carparking area to the south, pre-school building and fenced playground to the west, and recent teaching blocks to the north and southeast.</p><br>
<p>The building has boarded ceilings, single-skin vertically boarded walls, with balustrade height walls at the northeast and southeast corners with sliding timber framed windows above. The timber entrance door is located on the northern side and is accessed via timber steps. A lean-to storage room on the western side is enclosed with horizontal timber battens and has a concrete floor.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the building has boarded ceilings raked to collar-beam height. Early timber shelving is located in the southwest corner, with the blackboard positioned centrally on the western wall.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Block D of the Urangan Point State School was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 October 1994 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The building is significant as a substantially intact, small rural school building of the early 20th century. Evidence of its early open-air form remains in the extant sliding sash windows which replaced the original canvas blinds in 1924.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building remains one of the most intact of the former open-air schools surviving in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Central Sugar Mill Ruins is a heritage-listed former sugar cane mill at Old Mill Road, Yengarie, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1866 to 1890s. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 5 December 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The ruins of the Central Sugar Mill, overlooking the Mary River at Yengarie, are the remains of an industrial complex that was constructed in 1866 as a purpose built sugar mill and refinery. It serviced many sugar plantations in the area before closing in the late 1890s.</p><br>
<p>Sugar cane had been first brought to Australia in 1788 but subsequent plantings at Sydney, Port Macquarie and Norfolk Island failed to be commercially viable. Captain Louis Hope grew a cane crop successfully in Queensland in 1862. By 1864 the first commercial sugar mill in Australia had been established by him at Ormiston and interest in growing sugar cane spread rapidly. By the end of the decade cane was being cultivated further north at Maryborough, Mackay and Bundaberg, where the warmer climate proved more suitable for cane growing.</p><br>
<p>In 1862 John Buhot, originally from Barbados, in the West Indies, experimentally produced sugar granules from cane grown in the Brisbane Botanical Gardens, demonstrating its potential as a commercial crop in Queensland. A number of farmers were interested in growing cane, but little was known about its cultivation in local conditions, or about the production of sugar. In October 1864, Buhot came to Maryborough to purchase plants from John Eaton who was growing an experimental cane crop. While there, he gave a lecture at the School of Arts on the cultivation and manufacture of sugar to a large audience. While in Maryborough, Buhot also trialled sugar production from some of Eaton&#39;s crop with promising results. Eaton and others formed the Maryborough Sugar Company in August 1865 and purchased 400 acres at Tinana for a plantation and mill. Several blocks were under cane by 1865 and the first crop was crushed by primitive methods producing a coarse yellow sugar.</p><br>
<p>Local timber millers Frederick Gladwell and Robert Greathead decided to construct a central mill that would process cane from a number of surrounding farms. Buhot was engaged to design the mill complex and supervise the production of sugar. In July 1866 tender notices were placed in the Maryborough Chronicle for the manufacture of 50,000 bricks for mill buildings and for the erection of a "New Sugar Manufactory". John Murray undertook the brickwork, stone flooring was quarried locally and machinery was obtained from Sydney. By September, wharves were constructed on the riverbank below the refinery in order to accommodate sugar cane punts. Vessels carrying goods to and from the Central Mill also used the wharves. A large cutting was made in the riverbank for a rail line between the mill and the river. This was operated by a rope and windlass to transport goods and equipment up and down the embankment. Written agreements were obtained from local farmers regarding the supply of cane. It was a major commitment by both the partners and the farmers producing the "new" crop.</p><br>
<p>Unfortunately, an accident in October 1866 damaged the machinery and a boiler, which delayed crushing until February 1867. The late crush produced low sugar content and a very dark sugar. The enterprise experienced difficulties due to the small scale of the refinery, primitive equipment and inexperience. Although by September 1867 a fine light brown sugar was being produced, the problems of the business were compounded by an explosion and by a labour shortage caused by the discovery of gold at Gympie. In October the mill was operating night and day, but by November, it had closed due to financial problems.</p><br>
<p>The Australian Joint Stock Bank foreclosed on the mortgage and plant from the operation was sold at auction in Sydney in December 1867. Sale notices itemised a steam engine and boiler, evaporating pans, two large hardwood cane punts, a trolley with iron wheels with ratchet, a Cornish boiler and a tramway from the wharf.</p><br>
<p>The Central Mill was sold to John Meiklejohn who expanded the capacity of the mill and installed more modern equipment including centrifugals instead of the old-fashioned drainage boxes. He also installed a still for manufacturing rum that was in operation from July 1868. His first season produced a fine dry yellow sugar and by 1869 20,733 gallons of rum also.</p><br>
<p>In early November 1868 the Maryborough Chronicle reported that the mills end of season production was estimated to be 70 tons of sugar and 75 hogsheads of rum. The first shipment of locally produced rum left Maryborough on 11 November when 19 hogsheads from the Central Mill and 20 tons of sugar left on board the Saxonia for Sydney. In 1869/1870 William Gibson, who had operated a sugar mill near Brisbane, purchased the Central Mill, which he ran until the mid 1880s. However, by 1877 the Central was operating only as a juice mill, crushing growers cane and delivering the juice to the nearby Yengarie Refinery. This had been established by Tooth & Cran in 1867 and was upgraded in 1871 to be a large modern refinery producing a high quality white sugar.</p><br>
<p>The 1890s brought problems due to depressed sugar prices and major changes in the sugar industry. Central mills servicing independent white farmers replaced the big plantations run by indentured labour, licenses to recruit Melanesian workers having ceased after December 1890. A number of plantations and mills closed and, by 1892, it was reported that much of the land along the Mary River was no longer under cultivation, or was growing crops other than sugar.</p><br>
<p>Cran purchased the Central Mill in the early 1890s but a major flood in 1893 damaged plantations and farms along the river and caused severe damage to the mill and to Yengarie Refinery. This closed in 1899 and the Central Mill was taken over by the Kersnovske family, becoming the Central Plantation. The family continued to grow sugar cane and later operated the property as a dairy farm. In more recent times, up to 5000 head of beef cattle have been grazed on the property.</p><br>
<p>The Central Mill structures gradually fell into disrepair and now comprise one intact chimney and the base of another, remains of structures, vats and tanks and a dam and tramway formation.</p><br>
<p>Several other related sites survive in the Yengarie area, including the Yengarie Sugar Refinery Ruins.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Central Mill ruins are located on the banks of the Mary River about 11 kilometres southwest of Maryborough. The major visible built features on the site are:</p><br>
<p>Two large fig trees 6.3 metres apart, which were planted at the entrance to the mill site</p><br>
<p>Holding tank, a brick lined holding tank with a diameter of 4.7 metres</p><br>
<p>Ruins of manager&#39;s house, washed away in 1893</p><br>
<p>Mill chimneystack, square in plan and constructed of red bricks with arched openings to the east and west at ground level. It has stone foundations</p><br>
<p>A section of stone mill flooring</p><br>
<p>An underground metal storage tank, recently filled with rubble</p><br>
<p>A rectangular metal juice tank measuring 1.17 x 2.47 metres constructed of riveted iron plates, in front of a rubble stone wall</p><br>
<p>A lime slagheap 6.3 metres wide. Beside this are the remains of a stone base, possibly from a small chimneystack or furnace. A range of metal artefacts is located in the immediate area including rings and pipes.</p><br>
<p>A tramway cutting between the first river terrace and the riverbank where the jetty once was, which has been obscured by vegetation.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Central Sugar Mill Ruins was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 5 December 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The ruins of the Central Sugar Mill are evidence for an early industrial enterprise that made an important contribution to the development of the sugar industry in Queensland. The sugar industry has been of great importance to the development of Queensland for its contribution to the economy and to the pattern of European settlement. The Yengarie area was the site of some of the earliest sugar plantations and mills in Queensland. The Central Mill was one of the earliest places in Maryborough to produce sugar and crushed cane from many small farms, foreshadowing the later importance of central mills to the development of the sugar industry in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The Central Plantation Sugar Mill ruins are rare as an early sugar mill, refinery and distillery in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The ruins of the Central Plantation Sugar Mill have the potential to reveal further information about the operation of the sugar industry in Queensland in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The remains include characteristic features of a sugar mill and refinery including chimneys, underground vats, partial formations of a cane tramway and a dam which illustrate the processes involved</p><br>
<p>Yengarie Sugar Refinery is a heritage-listed refinery at Old Mill Road, Yengarie, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from to. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The ruins of the Sugar Refinery on Graham Creek at Yengarie are the remains of an important industrial complex, which began operations for the firm of Tooth and Cran in the 1860s. It produced meat extract before working as a sugar mill and then as a major refinery that serviced many plantations and mills in the area before closing in 1899.</p><br>
<p>Robert Tooth was born in 1821 and was the son of a hop merchant in Kent and nephew of a Sydney merchant and brewer who also owned numerous cattle runs. Robert and Edwin Tooth leased their uncle&#39;s Tooth and Co. brewery in 1843 and were joined by their brother Frederick in 1853. Robert speculated in pastoral properties and gold during the 1850s and was briefly involved with politics in New South Wales. He was also Director of the Bank of New South Wales in the 1850s and 1860s and Director of the Colonial Sugar Refining Company, of which he was a major shareholder, between 1855 and 1863. He owned several pastoral properties in Queensland and in 1857 employed Robert Cran, first on Jondaryan Station and then as a supervisor at Pikedale.</p><br>
<p>Cran was the same age as Tooth and had come to Queensland from Scotland in 1849. He first worked as a stockman and was employed on several properties by Tooth until he became manager of Tooth&#39;s boiling down works and abattoir at Yengarie in 1865.</p><br>
<p>When the Maryborough Agricultural Reserve was thrown open for selection in March 1862, one of the first selectors was W C Giles, acting as agent for Robert Tooth of Widgee Widgee Station, who bought Lots 3 & 4 fronting the Mary River immediately below Graham&#39;s Creek. Tooth sold Widgee Widgee to JC White, who was his manager at Jondaryan. White set up a steam-powered abattoir and boiling-down works on the Yengarie land in 1863 but was financially ruined when pleuropneumonia killed most of his cattle the following year. Tooth foreclosed on both the station and land. Robert Cran then took on the mortgage of Widgee Widgee and Giles leased the Yengarie land for agistment, though he also became insolvent in 1865.</p><br>
<p>Tooth was interested in the preservation of beef before refrigeration was available, and the boiling-down works was adapted with modern equipment as a meat extract plant, using Leibig&#39;s process. Tooth and Cran went into partnership with F F Nixon, Robert Lucas Tooth and Frederick Tooth as Tooth and Cran, the meat extract they produced winning a prize at the Intercolonial Exhibition in Sydney in 1870 and also receiving a prize at Amsterdam. By 1867 Yengarie had become a major business enterprise with bone crushing, wool washing and hide tanning divisions surrounded by what had become a small settlement.</p><br>
<p>Sugar was becoming increasingly important in the area, and in 1867 Cran let contracts for clearing and planting cane and prepared to erect a sugar mill to work in conjunction with the meat extract factory. The first boiling in open pans began in October 1868. This produced a small-grained white sugar, immediately recognised as the best sugar available in the Maryborough area at the time. In 1869 a superior new process was installed under the supervision of Tooth, who was modern and innovative in his approach. The works at Yengarie were continually upgraded to keep pace with new developments and an increasing workload.</p><br>
<p>In 1870 the mill was expanded. New and larger boilers were installed and charcoal retorts added to utilise bone waste for refining sugar. A distillery was installed and J T Annear constructed a brick chimney. From 1871 Yengarie operated as a refinery, juice being supplied by mills in the surrounding area, many of which were constructed in the 1870s. The partners owned plantations at Yengarie, Yerra Yerra and Irrawarra. Melanesian indentured labourers were employed in both the refinery and at the plantations, as they were on surrounding properties.</p><br>
<p>With the increasing emphasis on sugar in the district, it was decided to close the meat extracting works in 1873. In the same year a horse-drawn tramway was constructed to the mill for conveying firewood, cane and later, juice. Juice mills were central to the sugar making process at Maryborough and by 1883, 28 small mills were sending juice to Yengarie by punt or through a network of pipes. At the height of its production, Yengarie produced three grades of sugar, rum, treacle and tar. The refinery became a very large undertaking comprising a factory, store, laboratory, distillery, brickworks, limekilns and wharves with a small township developing to accommodate workers and their families. Tooth and Cran also had their own steamer, the Nowra, which took sugar and rum to Maryborough for shipment south. From the 1870s gas produced to light the refinery was also piped to light the township, a luxury not then available in Maryborough.</p><br>
<p>In 1875, the partnership with Nixon and Croft, the manager of Yerra Yerra, was dissolved and Tooth left for England, leaving Cran in charge. Tooth began a new refinery, also called Yengarie, in the Philippines in his own name. The Tooth and Cran partnership was dissolved in 1879 and Robert Cran and Company ran Yengarie. In 1880 Cran spent some time in Europe arranging for machinery for a new refinery he planned to build in Bundaberg. This was opened in 1883 as Millaquin and Cran provided land at Yengarie for a short branch line and siding to connect the complex to the state railway. In 1885 there were 40 mills and 5 distilleries along the Mary River, although production and sugar prices began to fall. In 1889 Cran and Company opened a crushing mill at Doolbi to provide juice to Yengarie, thereby supporting the development of cane growing in the Isis area.</p><br>
<p>The 1890s brought problems due to depressed sugar prices and major changes in the sugar industry. Central mills servicing independent white farmers replaced the big plantations run by indentured labour, licenses to recruit Melanesian workers having ceased after December 1890. A number of plantations and mills closed and, by 1892, it was reported that much of the land along the Mary River was no longer under cultivation, or was growing crops other than sugar. The major flood in 1893 also damaged plantations and farms along the river and caused severe damage to the refinery. When Robert Cran died on 16 December 1894 he was insolvent and the Queensland National Bank took over his assets. The Yengarie site was permanently closed in 1899 and the land at Yerra Yerra, Irrawarra and Yengarie was cut up and sold between 1905 and 1908. James Mahoney, who owned a butchering business next to Yengarie, had occupied the land since 1900 and purchased it in 1908, using it for dairying, which became a major business in the area. His great grandson still owns the land.</p><br>
<p>The roof of the main refinery building was destroyed by fire and storm in the 1930s and 1940s. Numerous galvanised iron sheds at the southern end of the refinery were removed, as were workers houses, a butchers shop and a smithy associated with the refinery. Part of the refinery building was used as a cattle dip until the early 1950s. Over the years the machinery was removed and dispersed. The boilers were the last major piece of equipment to be removed and were sold for scrap in 1964. The brick chimney, having become unsafe, was demolished in 1983. Evidence for the placement of machinery can still be seen in the form of concrete mountings, pits and shafts.</p><br>
<p>The front and one side wall of the main building and sections of the other walls remain, though invaded by vegetation, particularly by a number of large fig trees growing within the building which have given the ruins a picturesque quality.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The refinery ruins are located on Graham&#39;s Creek, a tributary of the Mary River, 1 km south east of Yengarie siding and 9 km south west of Maryborough. There were once wharves on the creek but these are not now evident.</p><br>
<p>The most striking feature of the site is the standing ruin of the main refinery building, measuring approximately 32 x 20 metres, as sections of brick, stone and pise walls on pise foundations. Most of the front wall remains and is pierced by a series of openings with round arched heads. Most of the wall on the side facing the river also remains standing but the other walls have collapsed. The building contains a large tank and several mature fig trees, the roots of which have penetrated the walls and foundations. The walls are buckled and slumped and have several large vertical cracks.</p><br>
<p>Concrete mounts for equipment are visible on the north eastern side of the building and although much of the site is overgrown with vegetation, it is believed that other evidence of use remains, including pits and a shaft leading down to a water channel. The presence of these obscured pits prevented safe inspection of some parts of the site. The area is scattered with loose bricks, some of which were made on site and are considerably more friable than others that bear the imprint of Brown & Sons of Paisley or manganese bricks from the chimney. Rubble from the machinery shed forms a mound about 100 metres behind the refinery building. Maintenance sheds were to the north of the refinery building.</p><br>
<p>The line along which the tram track passed is visible approximately 20 metres in front of the building. Other sections of line ran behind the mill and to the west, but these cannot readily be seen.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Yengarie Sugar Refinery ruins was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The ruins of Yengarie Sugar Refinery are evidence for a major early industrial enterprise that made an important contribution to the development of the sugar industry in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The ruins of Yengarie Sugar Refinery and surroundings are have the potential to reveal further information about the operation of both the sugar and meat works industries in Queensland in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>It is important for its association with the life and works of Robert Tooth and Robert Cran, who made a significant contribution to the development of the sugar industry in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The Samuel Farrar House is a historic house at 117 Court Street in Bangor, Maine. Built in 1936 for one of the citys leading businessmen, it is an important early work of American architect Richard Upjohn. It is one of Maines finest examples of residential Greek Revival architecture, with a four-column temple front. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It is now part of an affordable housing complex known as Kenduskeag Terrace.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Farrar House is located northwest of downtown Bangor, set on the north side of Court Street just east of Coe Park, overlooking Kenduskeag Stream. It is a 2-1/2 story structure, with a front-facing gable roof, brick walls, and a granite foundation. Its street-facing facade has a massive and elaborate Greek temple treatment, with four two-story fluted Doric columns supporting an ornately carved entablature and fully pedimented gable with a triangular carved panel at its center. The front wall behind the colonnade has three bays articulated by brick pilasters, with the entrance in the center bay. The rear (stream-facing) facade originally had a similar temple front. To the left of the main block stands a recessed brick addition, with stylistically similar elements. An enclosed porch stands at the corner joining the two parts. A modern hyphen joins the building at its rear to a modern two-story flat-roofed apartment complex.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1836 for Samuel Farrar, who was for many years one of Bangor&#39;s leading lumbermen, also working as a banker and municipal judge. The house is an early design of Richard Upjohn, and is one of three prominent Greek Revival buildings he designed in Bangor. The addition on the left side of the house, made in 1846, was designed by Isaiah Rogers.</p><br>
<p>The Robertson Paper Company Complex is a historic industrial facility on Island Street in Bellows Falls, Vermont. It consists of a collection of mostly-interconnected factory and related buildings, built between c. 1890 and c. 1960 by various paper-related companies. It was occupied and enlarged by the Robertson Paper Company between 1907 and its failure in 1987, at which time it was the longest-lived paper company in the state. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. It is presently vacant.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Robertson Paper Company plant is located near the center of the island formed by the Connecticut River to the east and the Bellows Falls Canal to the west. The main factory, an interconnected group of eight structures, is located on the east side of Island Street, with the town&#39;s main rail yard to the north and the former Bellows Falls Co-operative Creamery Complex to the east. The building has long frontage along Island Street, which slopes downhill toward the rail yard, where a basement story is exposed. This northern section housed the company offices, which were accessed through entrances at the basement level. The southern end of the factory, which sports a monitor roof, was its main manufacturing area. Additional sections extending the building north and east, and include one section housing a freight elevator to bring goods down to the level of the rail yard.</p><br>
<p>The oldest portion of the complex, its main manufacturing area, was built about 1890 by C.W. Osgood and Son, a maker of papermaking machinery. Successors to this firm enlarged the premises, and were eventually merged into the Robertson Paper Company in 1907. Robertson was founded in 1881, and was at first engaged in the manufacture of tissue paper in a plant at the southern end of the island. It expanded into the manufacture of waxed paper, and was, at the time of its acquisition of this plant, one of the nation&#39;s largest manufacturers of that product. The firm remained in business at this site, under a variety of names and ownerships, until 1987, when it succumbed to bankruptcy. It was at that time the longest continuously operational paper company in the state.</p><br>
<p>The Ponton Heath Barrow Cemetery is a group of at least eleven Middle Bronze Age round barrows south of Grantham, in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. Five of the barrows were destroyed by ironstone quarrying in 1959; the remaining six are scheduled monuments. The sites have been placed on the Heritage at Risk register.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery is located on Ponton Heath, an area of high ground several miles south of the market town of Grantham. It is centred approximately 1.2 km northeast of the hamlet of Hungerton and 1.5 km southwest of the village of Stroxton. The centre of the area is occupied by the backfilled remains of an ironstone quarry which was active from the 1950s to the 1970s; this activity was responsible for the destruction of five barrows in 1959. Of the surviving monuments, Barrow A is located to the north of the former works, on the parish boundary between Wyville cum Hungerton and Little Ponton and Stroxton. The remaining five, Barrows B, C, F, G and H, are located on the south side of the site.</p><br>
<p>A low mound, possibly a 12th barrow, is located between and slightly to the north of Barrows C and F.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The surviving barrows are all located on arable farmland which is ploughed and under crop. They are only visible as slight ridges in the ground no more than.05 m high. Due to the danger of them being ploughed out, the sites have been placed on the Heritage at Risk register.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations and investigations</h2><br>
<p>In 1959, following the opening of Harlaxton Quarry No. 4 (or Hungerton Quarry), a rescue excavation was carried out by Ernest Greenfield of the Ministry of Works. He arrived to find much of the topsoil already stripped from the site and several of the barrows pillaged. In Barrow J he found an intact main burial chamber containing a crushed red collared urn, decorated with cord impressions, inverted over burned bone. He also found numerous secondary cremations and stone tools, leading him to classify the builders as the "Yorkshire Food Vessel Culture" in the terminology of the time.</p><br>
<p>The site also contained evidence of later Romano-British occupation. Examination of topsoil removed from the destroyed portion of the site yielded fragments of Roman Samian and grey ware pottery. The urn from Barrow J was conveyed to the Lincoln Museum; other artifacts were deposited with the Grantham Museum.</p><br>
<p>Fieldwalking of the area west of Barrow A in the 1960s and 70s also turned up a large scatter of stone tools, and a child&#39;s bronze bracelet dated to the Roman era.</p><br>
<h2>List of barrows</h2><br>
<p>Australian Joint Stock Bank Building is a heritage-listed former bank and now commercial building at 331 Kent Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built in 1882 by French & Crystall. It is also known as Department of Primary Industries Building, Union Bank, and the Office of Sport and Recreation. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This bank building was constructed in Maryborough in 1882 as the third branch of the Australian Joint Stock Bank to the design of prominent Queensland architect, Francis Drummond Grenville (FDG) Stanley.</p><br>
<p>Settlement at Maryborough commenced in September 1847 when George Furber established a woolstore on the south bank of the Mary River at the head of navigation. He was followed in June 1848 by ET Aldridge and Henry and RE Palmer, who established their own wharves on the opposite riverbank, at a location now known as the original Maryborough town site at Baddow.</p><br>
<p>In 1850 a new town site was surveyed to the east, at a downstream position which provided better access for shipping. The first sale of land at this new site occurred in 1852, but most residents did not shift to the current centre of Maryborough until 1855 and 1856. Maryborough was gazetted a Port of Entry in 1859 and was proclaimed a municipality in 1861. During the 1860s and 1870s it flourished as the principal port for the nearby Gympie goldfield and as an outlet for timber and sugar. The establishment of manufacturing plants and primary industries sustained growth in the town into the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>During the 1860s and 1870s, many banking institutes established purpose-built premises from where they conducted business. One of the first banks established in this town was the Australian Joint Stock Bank which opened a branch at the corner of Kent and Richmond streets in 1864.</p><br>
<p>Floods in the 1870s destroyed the first Australian Joint Stock Bank and the building was rebuilt. By 1880 this rebuilt structure was considered uninhabitable and steps were made toward construction of yet another building.</p><br>
<p>FDG Stanley was the architect for the new building and he is known to have designed branches of the Australian Joint Stock Bank in Gympie, Mackay, Ravenswood and Townsville, as well as additions to the Rockhampton branch. The contractors for the project, local builders, French and Crystall, submitted a tender for £5378 which was accepted and it is thought the construction commenced in mid 1882. In August 1882 reports of the progress of building works appeared in the Maryborough Chronicle: "the AJS Bank premises are currently being pulled down to make way for a larger and finer edifice more in keeping with its rivals, a hint which might be taken by the owners of other somewhat insignificant buildings".</p><br>
<p>A fine two-storeyed masonry bank was constructed with strong classical influences conveying the values of tradition and strength historically identified with this style of architecture. As part of the project a two-storey extension was constructed along Kent Street to house the local branch of popular Queensland department store, Finney Isles and Co. Along Richmond Street there was a one-storey bank manager&#39;s residence.</p><br>
<p>Maryborough was the birthplace of Helen Lyndon Goff who under the name PL Travers authored the well known Mary Poppins series of books. Her father was Travers Robert Goff, the manager of the Australian Joint Stock Bank at the time of her birth on 9 August 1899. A bronze statue at the front of the former bank commemorates Travers and her literary achievements.</p><br>
<p>The bank continued in this branch until 1901 when it closed. By 1906 the premises had been leased to the Union Bank with a right to purchase the property, which was exercised in 1912. By 1924 a verandah had been constructed to the Richmond Street side of the building, requiring the removal of cornices and string coursing and the lengthening of several window openings to house French doors.</p><br>
<p>In 1952 the Union Bank merged with the Bank of Australasia to form the Australian and New Zealand (ANZ) Bank, which operated in Maryborough from the Bank of Australasia&#39;s existing premises. The former Union Bank was therefore offered for sale again and the Queensland Government purchased the building for $12,000 to house the local regional office of the Department of Primary Industries. Subsequently, the building became the home of the Office of Recreation and Sport, with the Correctional Services Department leasing space on the upper floor. It is now privately owned and houses a retail business.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The former Australian Joint Stock Bank is a prominent building in Maryborough, located on the corner of Richmond and Kent streets in the central business district of the town. The building comprises a two-storeyed section to Kent Street with a one storeyed wing to the rear, accessed from Richmond Street.</p><br>
<p>The brick load bearing building has stuccoed facades to Kent and Richmond Streets. Centrally located on the Kent Street facade is the principal entrance bay, comprising a two-storeyed recessed porch, broken at first floor level by a heavy entablature which lines the two principal facades of the building. Framing this recess are two sets of columns, Doric order at the ground floor and Corinthian order on the first floor. The ground floor has a smooth rendered base, above which the body of the walls are rusticated, with centrally located round arched window openings to both floors. The upper floor has paired Corinthian pilasters which frame the face of the sections flanking the entrance bay. Seemingly supported on the pilasters and the attached columns of the central bay on the first floor, is a dentilled entablature surmounted by a decorative parapet, with central triangular pediment flanked by balustraded sections over the side bays. Terminating the parapets are urns at each end. A steeply pitched, corrugated iron clad, mansard roof is partially concealed behind the parapet.</p><br>
<p>The Richmond Street facade of the building continues the architectural motifs of the Kent Street elevation, although the construction of a later verandah entailed the removal and replacement of some details on this elevation. Abutting the rear of the two-storeyed section of the former Australian Joint Stock Bank is a two-storeyed timber framed verandah, enclosed at the first floor and with deep scalloped frieze to the ground floor level. A single-storeyed section of the building to the rear of the Richmond Street elevation is constructed of painted and bagged brick and has a simple gabled roof and timber-framed verandah.</p><br>
<p>Internally the building has timber boarded floors and plastered ceilings and walls. Many internal alterations have occurred.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The former Australian Joint Stock Bank building in Maryborough was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1882 as the local branch of the Australian Joint Stock Bank, this building illustrates the growth of Maryborough during the nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building is characteristic of a two-storey masonry bank, designed with a strong influence of classical architecture manifesting authority and strength, traditionally associated with financial institutes.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building is well composed and has considerable architectural merit. It is a landmark in Maryborough, contributing to both the Kent and Richmond Street streetscapes. The building is a good example of the commercial work of FDG Stanley and is associated with him.</p><br>
<p>Brennan & Geraghtys Store is a heritage-listed shop and National Trust-run museum at 62-66 Lennox Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from to 1904. It is also known as Geraghty&#39;s Store. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Brennan & Geraghty&#39;s Store was built by partners Patrick Brennan and Martin Geraghty in what was then a small commercial centre in Lennox Street, Maryborough. The store was operated by members of the same family until 1972, thus completing a century of trading, and contains original stock and trading records.</p><br>
<p>Maryborough was established at its present site in 1852 as an outlet for the trade of the Wide Bay and Burnett pastoral districts. Wool, tallow, cedar and kauri pine flowed outwards with backloads of essential supplies for the stations providing a thriving trade. Timber was milled there and the strong impetus provided by the discovery of gold at nearby Gympie in 1867 soon established Maryborough as a prosperous commercial and banking centre.</p><br>
<p>Maryborough was also a port of entry and 22,000 immigrants arrived there directly from overseas during the period 1862-1890.</p><br>
<p>In 1863, Patrick Brennan and Martin Geraghty arrived in Maryborough from Ireland. Brennan worked for some time as storekeeper at Kilkivan station and was involved in the early Gympie gold rush. Geraghty, who married Patricks sister Catherine in 1864, bought land in Lennox Street and built a cottage at no. 64, from which he ran a joinery and undertaking business, then opened a store at what is now no. 60, in 1869. At the time, this section of the street supported a small commercial centre, including a hotel which was across the road from Geraghtys property.</p><br>
<p>In 1871 Patrick Brennan and Martin Geraghty formed a partnership and adapted Martin & Catherines extended cottage as a store, after removing interior walls. They built a house next to the old store which they used as a receiving depot. Brennan & Geraghtys sold groceries and ordered stores in bulk, being the only importers in Maryborough. By the end of the 1870s, the families had set up orchards. They grew fruit, particularly oranges, to sell and for making marmalade and fruit wines at their factory, which may have incorporated the old store at no. 60. Their products were sold in the store and also wholesaled.</p><br>
<p>The 1880s saw the peak period of the Brennan and Geraghty business empire. The partnership was involved in a number of ventures, ranging from brickmaking to running a cross-river ferry service. In 1886, tenders were called to build a new, ornate facade on the front of the store. Store records show that a sum of £2 was paid to a Mr Hansen to prepare the plans. The contractors, G. Smith and G. Cordwell, began work in May 1886 and the completed work cost two hundred and eleven pounds, fourteen shillings and ten pence. Gas was installed at the same time. The rear room and trolley were added in 1887 at a cost of sixty pounds, nine shillings and five pence. The work was carried out by contractors Hansen and Stephenson.</p><br>
<p>This was a boom period in Maryborough as it was for Queensland generally. However, in the following decade Brennan & Geraghtys business began to fail and in 1896 a meeting of the creditors decided to liquidate the firm. In the years between 1886 and 1903, assets were disposed of and all debts were eventually paid out. The store itself was purchased by Frank Geraghty, Martins son, who rented it back to Brennan & Geraghty for ten shillings a week.</p><br>
<p>In 1902 Michael Geraghty purchased the butchers shop next door to the store which was owned by the Kruger family. By this time Lennox Street was predominantly residential as it is today. The butchers shop was demolished and Michael built a house on the site for his mother, Catherine, following his fathers death in 1904. This new house was named "Uskerty" after the birthplace in Ireland of Catherine Geraghtys mother.</p><br>
<p>From 1903, when the partnership of Brennan & Geraghty was finally dissolved, until her death in 1934, Catherine Geraghty ran the store with help from her family, particularly Agnes, Florence and George. In 1934 the Geraghty family also purchased The Cottage at 62 Lennox Street. This was a relocated building which incorporated an 1970s cottage with extensions possibly from the 1890s. The business continued to run until 1971, as George Geraghty wished to complete one hundred years of trading from the premises. He died in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Some of the contents of the house and store were sold after George Geraghtys death and a demolition order was placed on the store by the Maryborough City Council. The whole Geraghty complex was purchased by the National Trust in 1975. By this time, grocery shopping practices had changed and stores like Brennan & Geraghtys were rare. What made this store even rarer was the fact that George had not made changes and had not disposed of stock or records. Many items in the store were no longer manufactured, or are now manufactured or sold in a different form. A fund raising campaign for the conservation of the store and contents was begun in the 1980s and had strong local support. In 1990 the store was opened to the public as a store museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Brennan & Geraghty&#39;s store museum is situated at 64 Lennox Street, Maryborough and is flanked by a house, "Uskerty", built for Catherine Geraghty in 1904, and a cottage owned by the Geraghty family since 1934.</p><br>
<p>The store is a large, timber framed building on stumps with a gabled galvanised iron roof and a rendered brick facade. An awning supported on cast iron posts extends over the footpath. Two plate glass show windows flank the entrance and are protected by removable shutters.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the store is divided by two cross walls to form three main spaces. The front section is the shop and is subdivided by an arched screen along a line of former partitions. The centre section contains a small store room in one corner and the rear space is open and without a ceiling. All three rooms are linked by a trolley running on timber rails. The building contains fixed shelving, cabinets, counters, furniture and items associated with running the store.</p><br>
<p>The shop contains a collection of more than 100,000 items, all original to the store. Most stock items date from the interwar period but range from 1885 Canton tea to soap from the 1920s and toilet paper from the 1950s. They are displayed as shop stock and serve to illustrate changes to goods, household needs and shopping practices. An almost complete set of trading records for the store dates back to 1871 and there is an extensive collection of advertising material.</p><br>
<p>The structure of the shop is very intact and reveals a lifetime of changes which demonstrate the growth and recession of the business. The interior remains unpainted except for the shop area, where original painted finishes have been preserved. The exterior has been painted to match the last colour scheme which is believed to be interwar.</p><br>
<p>The stables are sited perpendicular to John Lane at the rear of allotment 10 and are a single skin weatherboard structure with a gabled galvanised iron roof. Floors are earth except for two rooms with timber floors at one end.</p><br>
<p>Uskerty is set back from Lennox Street with more pretension than the cottage at no 62. It is a medium-sized, single skin, timber-framed and sheeted house on stumps with a galvanised iron roof. It contains four main rooms, a hallway and a kitchen wing containing two additional rooms. The house has verandahs on three sides with cast iron balustrading. The rear part of one verandah is enclosed to form two additional rooms. The house is intact and includes elements probably recycled from the butcher&#39;s shop. The garden is fairly intact with pathways and mature trees and is divided from the street by a timber fence and gates with a scalloped top and shaped pickets.</p><br>
<p>The cottage faces Lennox Street and has a picket fence and gate. It is timber framed and sheeted, high set on stumps with a galvanised iron roof. The exterior walls are lined with weatherboards on the sides and chamferboards on the back. There is a simple verandah on the front and the back verandah has been enclosed to form a kitchen and bathroom. The interiors are intact, retaining original joinery and hardware with unpainted main rooms.</p><br>
<p>Portions of the split post and rail fences which marked the allotments between the buildings remain. Those immediately behind the store are reconstructed from second hand material.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Brennan & Geraghtys Store & two adjacent buildings and stables was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>It also illustrates the changing fortunes of the Brennan & Geraghty business which was a significant trading enterprise in nineteenth century Maryborough, a town which was important as a trading centre.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Brennan & Geraghty&#39;s Store is significant for its rarity as a grocery store which survives intact with its own stock and trading records.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>It has the potential to yield information that demonstrates changes in grocery retailing and purchasing in Queensland over a century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>It is an unusually intact example of a type of store which was once common in Queensland. In addition, the Geraghty houses flanking the store are good, representative examples of south east Queensland timber houses from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>It also illustrates the changing fortunes of the Brennan & Geraghty business which was a significant trading enterprise in nineteenth century Maryborough, a town which was important as a trading centre.</p><br>
<p>Criterion Hotel is a heritage-listed hotel at 98 Wharf Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by James Robertson and built from 1878 to 1883 by the Cooper Brothers. It is also known as Melbourne Hotel and Riverview Hotel. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Criterion Hotel is one of only two three storeyed brick buildings in Maryborough, erected in two stages from 1878 to 1883 for the owner Neil Blue, to a design of local architect, James Robertson.</p><br>
<p>The original township of Maryborough was situated, not in its current place, but on the north of the Mary River, after wharves were established in 1847-8, to provide transport for wool from sheep stations on the Burnett River. In 1852 the growing town was gradually transferred to the south of the river which was considered preferable for shipping. Development followed and by March 1861, Maryborough was declared a municipality, the Borough of Maryborough. The area in and around Wharf Street developed as a result of the wharves, and with the construction of the Customs House 1861 and Bonded Store in 1863.</p><br>
<p>The land on which the Criterion Hotel, first known as the Melbourne Hotel, was later built was first acquired by ET Aldridge in May 1852 by a Deed of Grant. An earlier Melbourne Hotel was constructed on the site by 1868, which was a timber building whose proprietor was TN Milner. Neil Blue acquired the hotel in October 1877, and on 22 September 1878, the timber building was burnt down and another hotel was planned by him.</p><br>
<p>Neil Blue was born in Campbelltown, Scotland in 1845, and arrived in Maryborough in 1870 where he was involved with the steam coastal service. He married Sarah Gregory, daughter of local pioneers and the two remained as proprietors of the Melbourne Hotel until their deaths.</p><br>
<p>Blue commissioned a local architect, James Robertson, to design a replacement for the Melbourne Hotel, and tenders were called for this project on 30 November 1878. At this time two storeys were constructed using local builders, the Cooper Brothers and Henry Taylor for timberwork. The same contractors were used in 1883 when the second storey was added, though it is unclear whether this was originally planned by Robertson.</p><br>
<p>The Blues retained the hotel until about 1901, when Mr WE Boyce is listed as the proprietor. By 1916 the name of the hotel changed to the Riverview Hotel and Mr JR Ryan is the proprietor listed. The hotel then changes hands to Mr PJ Joyce and Mrs LM Joyce until 1939. By 1942 the name has changed to the Criterion Hotel with Mrs Mary Gummow as proprietor.</p><br>
<p>The building has experienced many changes including the replacement of a fine cast iron balustrade with a course timber cross braced alternative and the infilling of sections of the ground floor verandah space.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Criterion Hotel is a three storeyed painted brick building, facing the Mary River on Wharf Street. A hipped corrugated iron roof is concealed by a parapet featuring a linked-circular balustrade, and centrally located moulded pediment.</p><br>
<p>The building has verandahs to the first and second floors and is infilled under this on the ground floor. The verandahs have simple recently constructed timber posts and cross-braced balustrading,</p><br>
<p>The ground floor openings have been substantially altered with the addition of the tiled and rendered brick infill work, though some survive intact. Half glazed french doors with operable transom windows give access to the verandah from the upper floors.</p><br>
<p>Internally the ground floor of the building is much altered although many original elements survive. Entrance is gained from two doors, one, in the infilled section, leading to the public bar and the other, to the accommodation section and dining room. Where intact, the ground floor is generally of plaster walls and ceiling with modest cornices and skirtings throughout. A large moulded archway in the entrance corridors separates the dog legged timber stair from the hall. The stair, which has turned newels and square balusters, is naturally lit by a multi-paned arched window, at the first half landing.</p><br>
<p>The upper floors retain the original planform, of centrally located corridors running parallel to the verandah, off which accommodation rooms are accessed both to the verandah side and to the rear of the building. The rooms feature four panel doors, with large transom windows above, some of which are not glazed but covered with punched metal sheeting. The verandahs are enclosed on the transverse ends with louvred windows and sheeting, and the timber floors have been extended, increasing the width of the verandah.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Criterion Hotel was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Criterion Hotel is important in demonstrating the pattern of growth in Maryborough, particularly the evolution of the Wharf Street dock area.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Criterion Hotel is an important element of the Wharf Street streetscape, which is an intact area crucial to the understanding of the development of the port city of Maryborough.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The hotel has been operating since 1878 and is important to the local community.</p><br>
<p>The Maryborough Customs House is a heritage-listed former customs house at Richmond Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by John Smith Murdoch and built in 1899. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The former Maryborough Customs House and associated residence was constructed in 1899 to the design of Queensland Department of Public Work&#39;s architect, John Smith Murdoch. The building replaced an earlier customs house and residence constructed in the 1860s.</p><br>
<p>The original township of Maryborough was situated, not in its current place, but on the north of the Mary River, after wharves were established there in 1847-8 providing transport for wool from sheep stations on the Burnett River. In 1850 Surveyor, Hugh Roland Labatt arrived in Maryborough with instructions to "examine the River Mary...to suggest...the best site or sites for the laying out of the town, having regard to the convenience of shipping on one hand and internal communication on the other...also...point out the spots desirable as reserves for public building, church, quay and for places for public recreation." The site recommended by Labatt was not where the settlement was emerging but further east and from the early 1850s this is where the growing town developed.</p><br>
<p>With the separation of Queensland from the colony of New South Wales in 1859, Maryborough was declared a Port of Entry and a sub collector was appointed. As a port, the conditions of importing and exporting from Maryborough were subject to the control of the Queensland Customs Department. Taxation on goods entering and leaving the colony was an important source of revenue for the newly established Queensland Government and, accordingly, customs services were highly regarded and respected. Collectors and sub-collectors were appointed as towns along the coastline were declared Ports of Entry, and although most customs officers commenced their duties in humble or makeshift buildings, the importance of the service soon demanded customs houses of more prominence and grandeur.</p><br>
<p>Brinsley Sheridan, the sub-collector appointed to Maryborough, worked from a customs office established in what became the kitchen of an early Maryborough hotel, which was later known as the Criterion Hotel. In 1861 a purpose built customs house was constructed with funds granted by the government. Tenders were called for the building in early 1861 and the building was ready for occupation in March 1862. The site chosen was adjacent to the wharf area. The buildings erected at this time included a brick customs house facing the river and a timber residence adjoining the rear of the main building. In 1863 the Government Bond Store was constructed on the Customs House Reserve to store goods held on the Customs House site.</p><br>
<p>Through the 1860s and 1870s Maryborough grew rapidly, in response to the discovery of gold in Gympie to which Maryborough served as port and also with the introduction of the railway. The first rail systems were privately owned and linked the wharves with surrounding businesses. In 1881 the North Coast railway line was extended to Gympie.</p><br>
<p>By the 1890s, the 1861 customs house was deteriorating and this was more rapid after a flood in 1893. Soon after this, a decision was made to construct a new Customs House. A large new Brisbane customs house was constructed in 1889 and the high quality and substantial nature of this building inspired many of the customs houses built in the federation period, which included that at Maryborough, and others at Rockhampton, Townsville, Bundaberg and Mackay.</p><br>
<p>In January 1899, Alfred Barton Brady the colonial architect called for tenders for the construction of a customs house and residence in Maryborough. The tender of local contractors, Henry Neale and Son, was accepted with work to be completed within 12 months. The final cost of the two buildings was £5956 and they were constructed of locally made brick on concrete foundations with Marseilles roof tiles. The Customs House was single storeyed with a long room, offices, strong room and toilets. The residence was a two storeyed building with six bedrooms and wide verandahs allowing sweeping views of the river. Unlike the previous customs house this building was sited to face Richmond Street and the Court House gardens opposite which had been established with the construction of the new Court House in 1877.</p><br>
<p>The building has been attributed to the architect, John Smith Murdoch who was an architect in the Department of Public Works in Queensland, under the leadership of AB Brady. Murdoch emigrated to Melbourne in 1884 and by July 1885 took a positions with the Queensland Works Department under one of Brady&#39;s predecessors, John James Clark, but was retrenched within two years. He returned again to the Department to work on the Victoria Bridge project managed by the then Engineer for Bridges and Government Architect, AB Brady. Brady appointed Murdoch to the position of Draftsman and Inspector of Works in 1897 and to Second Assistant Architect in 1899. In July 1904 Murdoch transferred permanently to the Commonwealth Department of Homes Affairs, where he enjoyed a successful career becoming Director General of Works in 1927.</p><br>
<p>Murdoch, throughout his career, displayed a remarkable talent, designing innovative and well planned buildings of considerable architectural merit. A recent paper on the architecture of Murdoch, discusses his fusion of styles which meld the contemporary desire for an Australian federation architecture which was closely allied with the English Queen Anne style, with the imperial architectural style of Edwardian Baroque creating an individualistic and sensitive manifestation of two cultural phenomena of late nineteenth century in Australian society, namely nationalism and allegiance to the Crown. The principle elements of his style were picturesque asymmetrical massing; overscaled classical elements, including broken pediments, coursing, entablatures, columns; crenellation; Royal Arms motif and other sculptural elements. The paper asserts that examples of Murdoch&#39;s architecture have become "cultural and architectural icons, proudly displaying Royal Arms conveying authority, tradition and a link to the empire."</p><br>
<p>The Maryborough Customs House is a good example of Murdoch&#39;s architecture, integrating the familiarity and aesthetic comfort of the form of Arts and Crafts with the authority and tradition associated with Classical details and motifs. These stylistic elements are employed with an environmental consciousness which pervades the planning of both the customs house and the residence.</p><br>
<p>In 1901 the newly established Australian Federal Government assumed control of the Customs service throughout Australia. This resulted in a change of ownership of the Maryborough Custom House from state to federal government. In 1995 the Customs Service was removed from Maryborough and, although the buildings remain in Commonwealth ownership, they were used as the office of the Electoral Commission and the local Federal Member of Parliament, Warren Truss.</p><br>
<p>Since construction both the customs house and the residence have remained substantially intact with recent internal alterations allowing the buildings to be adaptively reused.</p><br>
<p>In 2001, the customs house became an interpretative centre within the Portside Centre heritage precinct.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Customs House site contains two buildings, the former Customs House and the associated residence. These building are prominently located on the intersection of Wharf and Richmond Streets, Maryborough where several other important historical sites are located, including the Maryborough Court House, Customs House Hotel, former Bank of New South Wales and the nearby Queens Park.</p><br>
<p>The former Customs House is sited toward the north western end of the site and addresses Richmond Street facing the Court House on the opposite side of the street. The residence, adjacent to the south eastern side of the former Customs House is more inwardly focussed with principal entrance on the southern corner. A small timber framed garage is an early remnant on the site. The former Customs House and residence are constructed from red brick and concrete on a dark brick base, and share similar rough cast stucco detailing. The principal difference in the buildings is that the Customs House is symmetrically composed, more outwardly focused and has details appropriate to public buildings. The residence displays more characteristics of domestic architecture in its scale and detail.</p><br>
<p>The former Customs House is symmetrically arranged, and has a rectangular plan with a Dutch gabled, terracotta clad roof, punctuated centrally by a square planned projection with a separate Dutch gabled roof, giving external expression to the former long room over which it sits. This projection is lined on four sides with face brick surrounded oculi on rough cast stuccoed panels, with brick quoining at the corners of the projection. Flanking this tower element, to the south east and to the north west are rectangular planned chimney stacks, rendered with rough cast stucco.</p><br>
<p>The principal facade, addressing Richmond Street, is dominated by a central entrance projection which integrates the brick fence with the building. The projection features three round arched window openings, which rest on an integrating sill and signage panel, with Art Nouveau lettering "H.M. CUSTOMS". Above the central opening is a concrete relief panel of the Royal Arms. Openings in the fence on either side of the porch provide access to concrete stairs which lead to smaller open porches on either side of the entrance projection. Large round headed arched openings on the face of the facade give access to these porches. On the outer side of these openings are segmental arched window openings, surrounded with face brick quoining. Excluding the central entrance projection which is face brick, this and all other external walls are face brick to mid-height and then rendered with rough cast stucco with face brick quoining.</p><br>
<p>The side elevations of the former Customs House have two segmental arched window openings. The rear elevation has a centrally located awning supported on oversized and closely spaced curved brackets. Flanking this are a number of window and door openings.</p><br>
<p>Internally the former Customs House is arranged around a large central room, formerly the long room which is under the tower element. This square planned space is divided from four adjacent recesses by round arched openings. The recess to the north west houses an entrance vestibule to which access is provided from the porches off the principal facade. The recesses on the other three sides of the former long room, house an office to the south east, opposite the entrance vestibule, and transitional spaces to doors on the north west and south west leading to offices flanking the long room. Internally the building generally has timber boarded floors, plastered walls and timber boarded ceilings with central fretwork panels featuring intertwined lettering "VR". Surviving in this building are several intact, though occasionally painted, fireplaces.</p><br>
<p>The residence is an asymmetrical two storeyed building, which shares the use of red face brick and rough cast stucco, on a dark brick base, found on the Customs House. It is an asymmetrically arranged building, with a complex roofline comprising many one and two storeyed hipped and gabled sections. A two storeyed verandah lines the north eastern side of the house. The verandah at the lower level is formed by a brick arcade of large round arched openings, and a timber battened balustrade. The residence has a large variety of window openings which contribute to its complex form, including several oculi, grouped lancet type windows with round arched heads and grouped square arched windows. Many of the windows in the house are glazed with pale glazed leadlight panels of regular geometric patterns.</p><br>
<p>The principal entrance to the residence is via a hipped roof porch which is in the recessed southern corner of the house. The terracotta clad awning of the porch is supported on small concrete Doric columns which rest on a brick plinth. The porch has a tessellated tile floor with a central panel of encaustic tiles. The porch provides access to a central entrance hall from which the stair hall and several other ground floor rooms are accessed. The entrance hall has a timber boarded dado panel, painted rendered walls, an elaborate dentilled timber cornice and a timber boarded ceiling.</p><br>
<p>A small seating recess is separated from the entrance hall with a round arched opening. A similar arched opening separates the dog legged timber stair. The stair hall is naturally lit with an oculus opening at the level of the first landing and three round arched openings at a higher level. The rooms on the upper level are accessed via a central hall leading from the principal stair to another smaller timber stair in the western corner of the building. Generally the interior of the upper floor contains timber boarded ceilings, plastered walls and timber boarded floors. Centrally placed in many of the internal rooms are decorative timber fretwork panels. Several fine fireplaces survive throughout the building.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Maryborough Customs House was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The former Maryborough Customs House and Residence, constructed in 1899, demonstrate the growth of the Port of Maryborough in the nineteenth century. The prominence and high quality of the design of the buildings provide evidence of the importance of the customs service in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>This substantially intact site which includes a customs house and residence, as well as the Government Bond Store, demonstrates the principle characteristics of a late nineteenth century regional customs precinct, sited adjacent to former wharves. The buildings are characteristic examples of the high quality of design produced by the Public Works Department of Queensland in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Customs House and Residence are of considerable aesthetic and architectural merit as innovative and well composed public buildings on a prominent Maryborough site. The picturesque massing of the buildings and manipulated classical detailing and elements clearly demonstrate the characteristics of the architecture of John Smith Murdoch in his fusion of Arts and Crafts form with Edwardian Baroque detail.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>The buildings demonstrate considerable creative innovation as very good Queensland examples of the late nineteenth Australian architectural influence of the English Arts and Craft movement.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The building has special associations with the fine Works Department architect, John Smith Murdoch who designed many small innovative public buildings during his employment with the state government before his transfer to the Commonwealth.</p><br>
<p>Engineers&#39; Arms Hotel is a heritage-listed former hotel at 115 March Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Samuel Bragg and built in 1889 by Mr Caldwell. It is also known as Mayfair Boarding House. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The former Engineers Arms Hotel in Maryborough was constructed in 1889 for Ann Dillane, to designs of Samuel Bragg, a local architect. It replaced an earlier building, also called the Engineers Arms.</p><br>
<p>Settlement at Maryborough commenced in September 1847 when George Furber established a woolstore on the south bank of the Mary River at the head of navigation. He was followed in June 1848 by ET Aldridge and Henry and RE Palmer, who established their own wharves on the opposite riverbank, at a location now known as the original Maryborough town site at Baddow. In 1850 a new town site was surveyed to the east, at a downstream position which provided better access for shipping. The first sale of land at this new site occurred in 1852, but most residents did not shift to the current centre of Maryborough until 1855 and 1856. Maryborough was gazetted a Port of Entry in 1859 and was proclaimed a municipality, the Borough of Maryborough, in 1861. During the 1860s and 1870s it flourished as the principal port for the nearby Gympie goldfield and as an outlet for timber and sugar. The establishment of manufacturing plants and primary industries sustained growth in the town into the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>The property on which the hotel is situated was first purchased by William Southerden as a Town Lot on 17 April 1861. The next registered owner was Thomas Dillane who bought the property on 13 December 1872, though he is known to have been running the former hotel on the site since at least 1870.</p><br>
<p>The former Engineers Arms is so known for the adjacent Walkers Engineering Works and Foundry which began operations in 1868, supplying mining equipment firstly to the goldfields which were flourishing in Gympie and then, later, more widely. The original two- storey timber hotel may have been constructed in 1870, as the date on the parapet of the present building indicates.</p><br>
<p>By 1889, the Licensing Authority operating within the Maryborough district, under the provisions of the Licensing Act 1885, was becoming stricter with the licensees of hotels about the condition of the buildings and provision of services. It may have been as a result of this that the Engineers&#39; Arms Hotel was replaced with a two-storey brick building, to a design by Samuel Bragg, who was a former employee of the Works Department. The building was constructed by local contractor Mr Caldwell and ready for business on 5 July 1889.</p><br>
<p>Two single-storey brick cottages at the rear of the hotel were thought to have been constructed as residential accommodation at this time.</p><br>
<p>Changes to the building fabric include the narrowing of the upper floor verandah, where, it seems the timber had rotted at the ends and was therefore cut away making it necessary to taper the verandah posts from their original fixed position to the new narrower width of the walkway.</p><br>
<p>The hotel, which ceased operating in 1951, has subsequently been the Mayfair Guest or Boarding House, a restaurant, community centre and otherwise used as accommodation. In September 2015, it was advertised for sale as having four leased commercial spaces with a first-floor apartment.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The former Engineers&#39; Arms Hotel is a two-storeyed rendered brick building located on what once was a five-way intersection but is now four-way. The site contains two single-storeyed brick buildings to the rear of the hotel.</p><br>
<p>The hotel, which has a hipped corrugated iron roof concealed by a string coursed parapet, is built to the property boundary of an acute angled block, giving it a V-shaped plan, truncated at the corner. The corner is emphasised with the addition of a pedimental element, projecting above the parapet. A relief moulding of the date "1870" appears on the parapet on this corner.</p><br>
<p>The building is lined on the March, Kent and Bowen Street facades with a two-storeyed verandah. The ground level of this has a shallow curved corrugated iron awning supported on cast iron columns, many of which have been replaced. The upper floor verandah, which continues to the rear of the building, has a skillion awning supported on timber columns which taper outwards from the building, due to the altered width of the verandah walkway.</p><br>
<p>There are three entrances to the hotel from the principal facades, a corner entrance, being a double, four-panelled and moulded timber door, to what was previously the public bar; and two doorways on March Street, one through an arched opening featuring multi-pane glazed sidelights and transom, and a four-panelled and moulded timber door. The exterior joinery is substantially intact and of high quality. All openings are untreated but for plaster sills.</p><br>
<p>The arched doorway leads to the stair hall, off which the principal ground floor rooms are accessed as well as the timber dog-legged stair. The stairway is naturally lit by an arched landing window. Internally, the building retains much of its early joinery, ceiling and wall cladding, timber ceiling roses and fireplaces. The plan arrangement remains intact.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The former Engineers&#39; Arms Hotel was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The building demonstrates the growth of Maryborough, particularly as a result of the Gympie goldrush, when Maryborough began producing mining equipment in the area where the hotel stands.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building is an important element of the streetscapes of the town, and is an interesting example of Queensland country town hotel architecture.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>As the local hotel for the foundry workers for over one hundred years, the Engineers&#39; Arms Hotel has considerable social value to the surrounding community.</p><br>
<p>Eskdale is a heritage-listed detached house at 53 Pallas Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from to 1920s. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Eskdale was constructed in about 1864 for the Mayor of Maryborough, James Dowzer. A tender notice in the Maryborough Chronicle of 22 August 1864 reads: Tenders are require on or before the 24th instant for the Brick and Stone Work of a Twelve-roomed House - Plans and specifications to be seen at Messrs Dowzer & Pursers.&#39; No architect is specified and it is likely that Dowzer designed the house himself.</p><br>
<p>The original township of Maryborough was situated, not in its current place, but on the north of the Mary River, after wharves were established in 1847-8 providing transport for wool from sheep stations on the Burnett River. In 1850 Surveyor, Hugh Roland Labatt arrived in Maryborough with instructions to "examine the River Mary...to suggest...the best site or sites for the laying out of the town, having regard to the convenience of shipping on one hand and internal communication on the other...also...point out the spots desirable as reserves for public building, church, quay and for places for public recreation." The site recommended by Labatt was not where settlement was established but further east and from the early 1850s this is where the growing town developed.</p><br>
<p>James Dowzer and John Pursers both of Maryborough purchased Suburban Allotment 2 of Section 45, measuring five acres according to a New South Wales land purchase order. This was the land on which James Dowzer constructed a large two storeyed brick house as his residence, later known as Eskdale. Tenders were called in the Maryborough Chronicle for the brick and stone work of a 12 roomed house. It is thought that Dowzer designed his own residence as he is thought to have also designed the Church of England rectory in 1856.</p><br>
<p>Dowzer was born in 1826 at Clongall, County of Carlow, Ireland. In March 1853 he sailed for Queensland aboard the John Fielden and initially gained an appointment in the Ipswich Police Force. After leaving Ipswich, he arrived in Maryborough in November 1854 where he established a local business as a saddler and storekeeper in the fledgling town. He continued in business until about 1865, and was elected as the third Mayor of Maryborough in 1862. Little documentary evidence has been discovered about the origin of Eskdale, although 1864 seems to be the year in which it was built. Clay was apparently carried to the site and bricks were made at the rear of the property. Hand made iron nails were used in the construction of the European beech floor, and hand made brass nails were used in the construction of the doors. Internal joinery was made using local cedar.</p><br>
<p>In 1868 James Dowzer retired to a dairy farm near Tiaro and Eskdale was acquired by Edward Corser. Apparently when the Corser family moved to the house it was not yet finished. Edward Corser arrived in Brisbane in about 1863 and moved to Maryborough in the next year. Eskdale was named by the Corsers as a reminder of Eskdale in the Lake District of Northern England. Edward Bernard Corser, the son of Edward Corser acquired Eskdale on the death of his father in 1874. EB Corser was a leading merchant and established the business, Corser and Co. For many years he presided over the Burrum Divisional Board and was actively involved in many clubs and societies in Maryborough. From 1909 until 1915 EB Corser was the Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly for Maryborough and Member of the Australian House of Representatives for Wide Bay from 1915 until 1928, just three years before his death in July 1931.</p><br>
<p>Eskdale was transferred to EB Corser&#39;s son, Edward Stewart Corser in 1929 and he retained ownership until 1961. It remained in the Corser family until October 1975 when it was bought by Peter and Jacqueline Holtorf.</p><br>
<p>The Holtorfs used the residence as their family home until 1999 when they converted the house into a Bed and Breakfast. The original section of the house has been authentically restored and is used for guests.</p><br>
<p>The house originally stood on five acres of land on which there were three tennis courts, stables and gymnasium all of which were demolished due to subdivision. Of the original property the following buildings (apart from Eskdale House) are still in existence: 345 Ann Street (Stewart Corsers House - Charlcombe), 352 Ann Street (The Gardeners Residence) and 47 Pallas Street (Herbert Corsers house - now Rhymney House&#39;).</p><br>
<p>A number of changes have also been made to the house itself. The lead light windows were installed around 1920 along with the pressed metal ceilings. The original roof was slate and the verandah roof was iron with alternate red and white panels. The slate roof was destroyed by a hail storm in 1966 and at the time the three chimney stacks were demolished to roof level, so that a new iron roof could cover them. The verandah roof pitch was also made steeper, so that the iron panels could be placed in a straight line.</p><br>
<p>The decorative cast iron baluster panels on the upper level of the verandahs were likely to have been designed and manufactured in Maryborough. This particular design used on Eskdale is featured in Brian Turners book, Australias Iron Lace (p 97), and is referred to as "Maryborough iron lace patterns". A foundry had operated in Maryborough from 1909 until 1981 run by the Daniels family and it...produced cast iron panels of its own regional design.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Eskdale is a substantial two storeyed brick house with stone foundations located on Pallas Street, Maryborough facing another early Maryborough house, Oonooraba, at 50 Pallas Street. The house demonstrates the principal characteristics of the Colonial Georgian style of architecture which is noted for its gentle symmetry and simple rectangular shapes with conservative detailing.</p><br>
<p>The external walls of 18 inch thick brick in English bond construction. The building has a hipped roof clad with corrugated iron sheeting. The house is lined on three sides with wide verandahs on both levels. The verandahs are incorporated under the main roof of the building and are supported on single stop chamfered timber posts with decorative cast iron brackets and, on the upper floor, cast iron balustrade panels. A valance of lattice marks the first floor level on the face of the verandah. The front facade of the building is symmetrically arranged and two large timber sash windows flank a central doorway framing double timber doors.</p><br>
<p>The front entrance leads into a hall with a central arch way and stairway. The walls are painted a soft green with decorative stencils lining the cornices and chair rails. The stencils have been reproduced from late 19th century styles. The front door is framed by lead-light windows, a fanlight above and rectangular panels on either side as well as two panels in the door itself. Another lead-light window is visible on the landing of the first flight of stairs. The hall leads off to rooms on either side and then through to an extension at the rear.</p><br>
<p>The hall with archway and interior decoration is replicated on the upper floor in the same position. The door to the front verandah has a simple fanlight with textured glass and features a green shamrock at the base of the window. All joists, cross bracing, lintels, doors, architraves and the staircase are of local red cedar.</p><br>
<p>On the northern side of the ground floor hall is a large living room. The wide timber (hoop pine) floor boards are exposed and polished, the walls rendered and painted dark red and the ceiling is lined with decorative pressed metal of the 1920s era. There are two doors accessing the hall at either end of the room. A large timber-framed sash window faces onto the front verandah and two similar windows line the northern side of the room facing the side verandah. This fenestration pattern also occurs in the rooms on the southern side of the house. A large fireplace with timber manell-piece is located in the centre of the rear wall.</p><br>
<p>On the other side of the hall is the dining room at the front and the kitchen at the rear. The dining room contains built-in bookcases of cedar with glass panel doors.</p><br>
<p>The house is set in established gardens with mature trees and still features some of the early outdoor structures and landscapes. The circular driveway at the front of the house is marked by the raised circular lawn with lantana hedge. Evidence of the former sweep of the driveway can be seen in the slight depression of the grounds to the north-west of the house. A landscaped garden on the northern side of the house consists of geometric garden beds set in concrete with concrete paths dating from about 1915. This area is lined by mature palms along its rear edge. A shed stands a short distance to the rear of this garden and includes some 19th century decoration, namely cast iron brackets. This was once the glass house and now stands as a timber framed structure with weatherboard cladding and a corrugated iron roof. There is also an underground brick water tank, 20 feet deep, the top of which is visible on the back lawn. This water tank is fed by another tank in the centre of the roof of the house not visible from the ground. This roof tank catches the rain water which is then diverted into the underground tank. Similar tank constructions can be seen at nearby Baddow House and they date from the time of construction.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Eskdale was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Eskdale, a substantial two storeyed brick house dating from about 1864, demonstrates the growth of Maryborough in the 1860s, after new wealth was generated by the nearby Gympie goldfields. It also reflects the trend of pioneering individuals who established themselves as community leaders in early townships to build residences reflective of their social status.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building is a good, intact example of a substantial 1860s two-storeyed residence in regional Queensland. The surrounding grounds and its various structures and landscapes and are also important in demonstrating the design and workings of an early Queensland regional residence.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building has aesthetic value as a substantial residence with attractive decorative features and balanced design, within a garden setting.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Eskdale has special associations with both James Dowzer and Edward Bernard Corser who are of importance to Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Oonooraba is a heritage-listed villa at 50 Pallas Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from onwards. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Oonooraba was built in about 1892 to the design of prominent architect, George Henry Male Addison, for a prominent Maryborough citizen, James Malcolm Stafford. The house was supposedly built on the site of an early Aboriginal meeting place.</p><br>
<p>The original township of Maryborough was situated, not in its current place, but on the north of the Mary River, after wharves were established in 1847-8 providing transport for wool from sheep stations on the Burnett River. In 1850 Surveyor, Hugh Roland Labatt arrived in Maryborough with instructions to "examine the River Mary...to suggest...the best site or sites for the laying out of the town, having regard to the convenience of shipping on one hand and internal communication on the other...also...point out the spots desirable as reserves for public building, church, quay and for places for public recreation." The site recommended by Labatt was not where settlement was established but further east and from the early 1850s this is where the growing town developed.</p><br>
<p>The land on which Oonooraba was built was part of a ten acre lot, described as Suburban Section 29, which was first purchased by a William MacAdam of Maryborough on 20 September 1859. The land was apparently left undeveloped, and in 1886 the ten acre lot was acquired by George Ambrose White, who subdivided the land and offered for sale the smaller lots of land.</p><br>
<p>After the subdivisions James Malcolm Stafford a Maryborough solicitor, bought six acres of Suburban Section 29 in three purchases. The first, subdivision one of 2 acres, was purchased on 2 November 1889 from Otto Dias who had purchased the lot from White the year before. Next, Stafford purchased one acre described as resubdivsion 1 of subdivision 2 on 12 November 1889. On 21 September 1892 Staffords wife, Jessie Wilson Stafford, purchased three more acres of Section 29. Presumably at about this date, after obtaining a six acre lot, the Staffords had their house Oonooraba built. There is evidence that the house was constructed by 1895.</p><br>
<p>James Malcolm Stafford was practising as a solicitor in Maryborough from about 1883, after having practicing in Brisbane. He was born on 25 June 1859 in Ipswich and was educated and articled in that town. He was admitted as a solicitor in Brisbane on 7 March 1882 and practiced there before moving to Maryborough by about 1885 where he established a successful practice. He was elected to the position of Mayor of Maryborough in 1892 and retained this role until about 1896. Stafford died on 4 April 1900. In about 1892, Stafford commissioned George Henry Male Addison to design his one storeyed timber residence in Maryborough.</p><br>
<p>Addison was an important Queensland architect, who trained in England before emigrating to Melbourne in 1883 and joined the prominent Victorian architectural firm, Terry and Oakden. He became a partner and the chief draftsman and was a founding member of the Melbourne Art Society. He arrived in Brisbane in November 1886 to supervise construction of the London Chartered Bank which Terry, Oakden and Addison, as they were now known, had designed. He remained in Brisbane undertaking work as the northern partner of the firm, which again changed name and became Oakden, Addison and Kemp in 1887. In April 1892 he assumed responsibility for the Brisbane office of Anglican Diocesan architect, JH Buckeridge who had moved to Sydney. Addison left the partnership and practiced on his own until 1898 and formed several other partnerships in the early twentieth century. Addison designed many landmark buildings in Queensland, including the Exhibition Building of 1892 (now known as the Old Museum); The Mansions in George Street and the Albert Street Uniting Church. He also designed many of Brisbane&#39;s premier houses including Cumbooquepa at South Brisbane; Halwyn at Red Hill; Kirkston at Windsor; Fernbrook at Indooroopilly and Ralahyne at Clayfield.</p><br>
<p>George Layou&#39;s book about the history of Maryborough provides a long description of Oonooraba:The place is named Oonooraba, so called because the ground was once the fighting place of the blacks. Four and a half years ago the house was built of fine pine and beech and the quality of the timber was of the best. The plot comprises six acres and it was on the spot where the house now stands that the first humpy was seen thirty five years ago. It commands a fine view of the Ulalah Reserve, a chain of fine waterholes where the old fowls love to dwell. Before the house is a fine circular lawn, two and a half chains in diameter, with a carriage drive around it. On either side of the lawn are ten beautiful Araucarias (Cookii). These forming the inner boundary of the drive around it, with Eugenia macrocarpa and Araucaria excelsa as the outer one make a pleasing and rich front. Mr Stafford has proved beyond question that the Japanese national flower, the chrysanthemum, is not alone suited to the cooler climates of the south as the.. chrysanthemum show in Brisbane he secured the champion prize for size and quality against all comers...One inestimable advantage of the situation is its opened. A fair view of the town is seen from the front, with the hospital buildings away on the south, while on the other side is a panorama of the rive, dale and hill.James Stafford died on 4 April 1900 and the land was acquired by the Queensland Trustees. This did not comprise the entire block as his wife officially owned half of the land which she retained until her death in the 1930s. After her death the ownership of the property changed several times and, despite further subdivisions, has been retained as a private residence although with a much reduced garden.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Oonooraba is sited on Pallas Street, facing, not south east toward that street but to the north east toward Ann Street, from where access was originally provided to the property. The site comprises the building, a substantial elevated one storeyed timber house, which is surrounded by a large garden with established trees including two Araucaria Cookii and several palm trees.</p><br>
<p>The building is timber framed and is supported on squared timber columns which elevate the home about 3 metres from ground level. Access is provided to the principal floor of the house via a wide straight concrete stair emerging from the principal, north eastern facade. The stair is flanked by concrete balustrade which terminates at the base with newels on which sit lion statues. Filling the cavity between the timber posts supporting the house is diagonal timber lattice panels. The house is clad with wide horizontal timber boards which are quite unusual with heavily beaded mouldings at the tongue and groove joints.</p><br>
<p>The house is essentially rectangular in plan with a kitchen wing adjoining the rear elevation on the south west side of the building. Wide verandahs line three sides of the building and on the principal facade where the two corners of the face of the building are punctuated with bay windows, this is reflected in the projecting line of the verandah. The hipped roof of Oonooraba also reflects these bays with the addition of small hipped partial pyramidal roof forms over the bays.</p><br>
<p>The bull nosed verandah awning of Oonooraba is supported on turned columns with curved brackets, paired toward the principal entrance of the house. Above the columns are frieze panels, comprising diagonal latticework flanking a central section of vertical battening. The verandah balustrades which are replacements of a cast iron balustrade, are of vertical timber battening with decorative cutouts in regularly spaced battens. Many early lattice screens and timber louvres survive in the verandah openings.</p><br>
<p>The principal entrance of Oonooraba is from the south east, where the steps provide access t the verandah, from which a large central doorway provides access to the house. The doorway comprises a substantial five panelled and moulded timber door, flanked by sidelights with leadlight glazing above moulded base panels. Theses are surrounded by a substantial architrave and the door is surmounted by a narrow operable fanlight. The doorway is surmounted by a centrally placed timber entablature which terminates in a broken pediment. Other openings to the house, flanking the entrance and from all internal rooms with access to the verandah, are full length vertical sash walk though openings surrounded by moulded architraves.</p><br>
<p>The entrance door gives access to a small entrance vestibule, which in turn provides access to a central hall from which the principal rooms of the house are accessed. The entrance vestibule has timber dado panelling, which comprises a skirting, an alternating timber boarded body and a wide dado rail. This pattern of dado panelling continues to other rooms of the house, with changes in other rooms of the amount of moulding and height of the skirting and dado rail and also the alternating timber boards, which here are two different types of timber, and with the lighter coloured timber reeded. Above the dado panelling in the entrance vestibule is early floral wall paper, divided into panels with vertical and horizontal border strips. Dividing this room from the central hall is a timber screen of half glazed double timber swing doors, flanked by similarly detailed half glazed sidelights and surmounted by transom lights. The glazing in the doorway is leadlight with a simple geometric pattern rendered in coloured and arctic glass.</p><br>
<p>The central hall is lined with unpainted vertical timber boards, above a dado panel similar to that found in the vestibule. Above a cornice around the timber boarding is a curved timber ceiling centrally placed in which is a lay light, or horizontal glazed panelling below a roof lantern, from which pendant lighting is hung. The rectangular lay light comprises three leadlight panels glazed with strongly coloured small sections of glass within regular borders surrounding three ceiling roses. Within the hall four doorways, with four panelled doors and operable transoms above lead to rooms on either side, and a round arched doorway in the far, south western wall, leads to the rear rooms of the house. Some early door furniture surviving in this section is of black enamel with handpainted scenes of foliage and birds in gold lacquer.</p><br>
<p>To the north west of the entrance hall are two large, public rooms, connected to one another by a squared arched opening in their shared partition. Both rooms are lined with a similar dado panelling to that mentioned previously, although in the room closer to the front of the building, the lighter timber in the body of the panelling is fluted, rather than reeded, and in the rear room, the lighter timber is smooth faced. Both rooms are lined with early printed wallpaper, of a hazy pattern of blotches of white and umber on a light warm grey base. The wallpaper is matched with a cut out floral frieze around the walls above the dado rail, and a larger frieze, below the cornice, comprising a wider cutout floral strip with regularly spaced large stylised scenes. The ceilings in these rooms are timber boarded with coffering and featuring several large ceiling roses, some with early colour schemes. Early door furniture survives in these rooms and is similar to that in the central hall but of white enamel rather than of black. A dark stained timber fireplace is in a truncated corner of the rear of the two rooms, and this is lines with ceramic tiles.</p><br>
<p>From this rear room access is provided via a four panelled sliding timber doorway into a large rear hall also able to be accessed from the arched doorway in the central hall. Another dark stained timber fireplace sits in a corresponding truncated corner. This room is lined to about 2500 high with vertical timber boarding, comprising dado panelling of only one type of timber but similar in other respects to that found elsewhere. From this room access is provided to a rear verandah from where the kitchen, and adjacent semi open room on the verandah and storage rooms are found.</p><br>
<p>On the other side of the central hall are the more private rooms of the house, and these are generally timber lined with vertical timber boarding, occasionally with string coursing at picture rail height and simple cornice and skirting. These rooms have interconnecting doors near the external walls. In a section of infilled verandah is an early (s) bathroom.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Oonooraba was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Oonooraba demonstrates the growth of Maryborough during the late nineteenth century when a number of large residences were constructed, reflecting the growing infrastructure.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The building is a rare surviving and substantially intact residence designed by prominent Brisbane, GHM Addison, with whom it has special associations.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The house was supposedly built on a site where Aboriginal clans met, therefore the site has the potential to yield important information about early indigenous lifestyles in and around Maryborough.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building is characteristic of a large timber residence of the late nineteenth century, and is characteristic of the fine design skill of architect GHM Addison. The building has considerable architectural merit as a well composed and innovative residence.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Many of the features of the building are of considerable aesthetic value including the joinery, particularly the entrance door, unpainted internally dado panelling which varies throughout; early wall paper complete with friezes and borders; other internal joinery and glazing; door furniture and fireplaces.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The building is associated with prominent local citizen, James Stafford and with the fine architect, George Henry Male Addison.</p><br>
<p>Post Office Hotel is a heritage-listed hotel at Bazaar Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Victor Emmanuel Carandini and built in 1889 by Mr Murray. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Post Office Hotel was built in 1889, for Messrs Hanley and Williams of Maryborough to a design of Victor Emmanuel Carandini, a Brisbane architect. The building replaced a previous single storeyed building on the site, also called the Post Office Hotel.</p><br>
<p>The land on which the Post Office hotel was constructed was originally acquired by ET Aldridge by a Deed of Grant in May 1852. The original one storeyed masonry Post Office Hotel was constructed in about 1870 one year after the construction of the adjacent Maryborough Post Office, after which it was named. Aldridge retained the site until 1878 when it was sold to Mr John O&#39;Brien, and Messrs Hanley and Williams acquired the property by 1889.</p><br>
<p>By this time, the Licensing Authority operating within the Maryborough district, under the provisions of the Licensing Act of 1885, were becoming more strict with the licensees of hotels about the condition of the buildings and provision of services. In May 1889 the licensee of the former Post Office Hotel, GW Gaynor was refused a further annual licence for the single storeyed building which then existed, and it was then decided by the owners, Messrs Hanley and Williams, that a new building was needed.</p><br>
<p>On August 7, 1889 the tender of Mr Murray, a local builder, was accepted to construct a new two storeyed building to the designs of Victor Emmanuel Carandini, an architect from Brisbane. A substantial brick building was constructed in 1889 and this is the date indicated on the entrance corner parapet.</p><br>
<p>The early post supported verandah which lined the two principal facades of the building, was replaced with a cantilevered version, in line with a general movement in Maryborough to modernise the central business area in the 1930s by replacing all post supported awnings with cantilevered alternatives. The early verandah extended on the ground floor to the street line and was supported on cast iron columns, and featured cast iron brackets and frieze. The upper floor, which has also suffered modernisation, retains the bull nosed awning, but originally had slender turned timber balusters and timber venetian blinds on the outside edge.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Post Office Hotel is a two storeyed brick building, with cantilevered first floor verandah, located prominently on the corner of Wharf and Bazaar Streets, Maryborough.</p><br>
<p>Principal facades address both streets, with entrance to the accommodation and dining rooms from Wharf Street and the access to the incorporated ground floor shops from Bazaar Street. The external walls to the street, of bagged and painted brick, are surmounted by a partially rendered brick parapet, concealing a hipped corrugated iron roof. The truncated corner of the hotel is emphasised by a signage panel, projecting beyond the parapet, with "POST OFFICE HOTEL - 1889", surmounted by an open-topped pediment. The parapet features rosettes above moulded string courses supported on paired plaster corbels. Several rendered finials are placed along the parapet, with a slightly larger feature one on each elevation emphasising the principal entrance from that side. The building rests on a rendered masonry base, though which ventilation holes are punched.</p><br>
<p>The cantilevered verandah, extending the entire length of the principal facades, has a bull-nosed awning supported on reeded cast iron columns, and featuring cast iron frieze and brackets. The timber slatted balustrade is a replacement. The rear of the building has a two storeyed post supported verandah, onto which internal rooms are accessed.</p><br>
<p>Openings to the ground floor have moulded plaster surrounds, and retain some early joinery and leadlight glazing, although there are some replacement louvres. First floor openings are generally inward opening, half glazed, french doors with operable fanlights above.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the ground floor comprises the public bar, shops, and entrance and stair halls off which the dining room is accessed. The dining room is clad with timber sheeting, and the beaded board ceiling features cast iron ceiling roses. A carved timber chimney piece, complete with cast iron fittings remains intact, though painted. The public bar has been substantially altered although an early glazed door remains.</p><br>
<p>The cedar, three-quarter-turn open well stair features fine turned balusters, carved newel and turning posts, and a swan-necked handrail. The first floor comprises many timber framed accommodation rooms clad with tongue and groove boarding and accessed from a central corridor featuring plaster arches and skylights at various intervals. This floor remains substantially intact, in planform and fabric, with early joinery, glazing, timber floors and internal fittings.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Post Office Hotel was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The hotel, which has been operating since about 1870 in varied when the town prospered as a major port.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building displays the principal characteristics of a Queensland country town hotel, in its corner situation, verandah arrangement and internal planning.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The hotel is significant for its contribution to the Wharf Street area of Maryborough, and is a good substantially intact example of Queensland hotel architecture.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>As an operating hotel and public centre for about 125 years the Post office Hotel is significant for its value to the local community.</p><br>
<p>Gataker&#39;s Warehouse Complex is a heritage-listed warehouse at 106-108 Wharf Street & 310 Kent Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by James Buchanan and built in 1879 by F Kinne and Jack Ferguson. It is also known as Graham and Gataker, Netterfield and Palmer, Rutledge and Netterfield, and Gatakers Warehouse. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Gataker&#39;s Warehouse Complex consists of four buildings erected on three allotments bounded by Kent and Wharf streets in proximity to the river and other buildings associated with the Port of Maryborough.</p><br>
<p>Settlement at Maryborough commenced in September 1847 when George Furber established a woolstore on the south bank of the Mary River at the head of navigation. He was followed in June 1848 by ET Aldridge and Henry and RE Palmer, who established their own wharves on the opposite riverbank, at a location now known as the original Maryborough town site at Baddow. In 1850 a new town site was surveyed to the east, at a downstream position which provided better access for shipping. The first sale of land at this new site occurred in 1852, but most residents did not shift to the current centre of Maryborough until 1855 and 1856. Maryborough was gazetted a Port of Entry in 1859 and was proclaimed a municipality in 1861. During the 1860s and 1870s it flourished as the principal port for the nearby Gympie goldfield and as an outlet for timber and sugar. The establishment of manufacturing plants and primary industries sustained growth in the town into the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>Gataker&#39;s Warehouse Complex comprises:</p><br>
<p>the Kent Street Building (1867-1868)</p><br>
<p>the Middle Warehouse (c.1869)</p><br>
<p>the Wharf Street Warehouse (erected in stages from )</p><br>
<p>Brown&#39;s Warehouse (1879) along Wharf Street</p><br>
<p>Since 1885, the Gataker family have owned the site on which three of the buildings are sited. Brown&#39;s Warehouse was acquired by the family company in 1972. In 1988, the three allotments were group titled.</p><br>
<h3>Kent Street Building, Middle Warehouse, Wharf Street Warehouse</h3><br>
<p>The Kent Street Building and Middle Warehouse (located immediately behind the Kent Street Building) are substantial two-storey brick buildings. The Wharf Street Warehouse, a single-storey brick building, is located behind the Middle Warehouse and fronts Wharf Street.</p><br>
<p>The Kent Street Building was built as a store for the owner of the land, Robert Travis, of the wholesale and retail firm, Robert Travis and Co. On completion of the store, the Maryborough Chronicle (20 June 1868) published the following description:"The facade carries two cornices, an upper and a lower one - the former supported by ornamental trusses, the latter corbelled out, the members of both exceedingly bold and massive in detail, giving an appearance of great solidity to the whole building. An exceedingly light close-boarded, and slated king-post roof - a peculiar feature in which is the entire absence of all common rafters - covers the building. In the rear of the main store, and attached thereto, is a brick wine and spirit store, and beyond that a packing-house, built of the same material. A splendid water supply is secured by a large circular brick tank having a depth of 22 feet (6.7 m) with a diameter of 11 feet (3.4 m).... The store on the ground floor is a splendid room 15 feet (4.6 m) high, extending over the whole of the building, with the exception that an office occupies a space of 15 by 15 feet (4.6 by 4.6 m) of the lower end. Two rows of handsome iron columns add to the ornament of this large room, and at the same time give solidity to the floor of the upper storey. Access to this upper storey is made by a staircase at the lower end of the building, on mounting which it will be seen the whole floor forms one large room, except that in the centre an opening has been left for facilitating communication between the two rooms, the opening being surrounded with a light elegant balustrade. The internal fittings are all of French-polished cedar, most of it grown in the district..."The Middle Warehouse was also built for Travis. The Maryborough Chronicle (2 March 1869) gave the following description of the building:"(It) is a massive two-storeyed pile, of the utmost solidity and security that bricks and mortar, laid in the very best manner, can ensure, with a slate roof of correspondingly durable appearance. The dimensions are 100 feet (30.5 m) long by 30 feet (9 m) wide, the lower story being devoted to the reception of bonded goods, and the upper one, which contains two apartments, to the purpose of an ordinary warehouse." In 1879, drapers Rutledge and Netterfield (later Netterfield and Palmer) acquired the site and it was subsequently occupied by a number of commercial or light industrial operations before being sold at auction to CF Gataker of Graham and Gataker on 20 February 1885. Graham and Gataker subsequently acquired land behind the Middle Warehouse fronting Wharf Street.</p><br>
<p>In 1906 Graham retired and, soon after, Gataker&#39;s two sons, Melmoth Leofric and Charles James entered the business to form Gataker and Sons. Graham Gataker retired in 1913. At the height of the depression, in 1933, the firm was forced to assign its estate, but the following year Gatakers Pty Ltd was formed, and the company purchased the assets of the old firm recommencing operations.</p><br>
<p>After World War II, Gatakers expanded their business to become liquor merchants including the Wide Bay distribution of Four-ex beer and the bottling of Bundaberg Rum. In c.1947 the first stage of the single- storey Wharf Street Warehouse was constructed by local builder Jack Ferguson fronting Wharf Street immediately behind the Middle Warehouse. A second stage was constructed in 1969 and a third stage later linked the Wharf Street building to the Middle Warehouse. In the 1970s the timber floor of the Wharf Street Warehouse was removed and replaced with concrete at a lower level to enable the handling of goods on pallets.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s renovations were carried out to the ground floor of the Kent Street Building including a new hardwood floor and the addition of internal stairs from Kent Street to the upper floor. The cast-iron columns, reputedly used as ballast in a ship from Britain, were retained. By 1959, the slate roof of the Kent Street Building had been replaced with corrugated iron sheeting. In the 1980s the building was internally refurbished and the front awning replaced.</p><br>
<p>In 1989 the ground floor and part of the first floor of the Middle Warehouse were leased to Australia Post. Additions and alterations carried out for this tenancy included the erection of a covered loading area, the replacement of the timber (over brick) ground floor with concrete, the replacement of cedar joinery and shutters with silky oak, and the insertion of internal stairs to the first floor. The remaining part of the upper floor is occupied by the Wide Bay Art Society Gallery.</p><br>
<h3>Brown's Warehouse</h3><br>
<p>Brown&#39;s Warehouse is a two-storey brick warehouse erected in 1879 for Maryborough wine and spirit merchant, James Edwin Brown.</p><br>
<p>Brown arrived in Maryborough in 1857 becoming a business partner of WF Naugton, who died soon after. In 1872 Brown purchased the Wharf Street property, which was somewhat closer to the river than his previous premises at Richmond Street. A timber building on the site was replaced by a brick warehouse described at the time as the finest of the kind in the district and modelled upon the "best business warehouses of the southern capitals". Supervised by Maryborough architect and surveyor, James Buchanan, the building contained a storeroom on each floor with an internal stair and lift at the rear. The upper floor was supported by 10 iron columns cast at Walker and Co.&#39;s local foundry. Brick and plaster work was undertaken by local builder F Kinne, who later became a businessman and Mayor, and woodwork by D Ross.</p><br>
<p>Browns business interests prospered until the financial crash of the 1890s, which caused him to return from retirement to the business. In 1897, Brown was joined by his two sons who continued to operate the firm as JE Brown and Sons Ltd after Browns death in 1899 at his home called Woodstock.</p><br>
<p>Ownership of the property passed out of the Brown family in 1951. After a number of owners it was purchased by Gatakers Pty Ltd in 1972. After being group titled in 1988 the building passed to other owners. In 2016, it is occupied by the Maryborough Military and Colonial Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Gatakers Warehouse Complex comprises three buildings built along the east boundary of the site between Kent and Wharf Street and a fourth, Browns Warehouse or Store, built on an adjoining allotment to the west fronting Wharf Street.</p><br>
<h3>Kent Street Building</h3><br>
<p>The Kent Street Building is a two-storeyed cement rendered brick building with a hipped corrugated iron roof. The symmetrical south facade, to Kent Street, has corner pilasters, a protruding central bay and mouldings including window surrounds, eave brackets and a heavy cornice between floors. The first floor has a central sash window with an arched sash window to either side. The ground floor has a metal street awning with a skillion roof and timber trim, and timber framed glazing and doors. The west and north elevations are rendered and scribed to imitate stonework, with the west elevation having a metal access stair to the first level. A single-storeyed brick store with a corrugated iron gable roof and side awning is attached to the northeast of the building.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the ground floor has been refitted as an office with a concrete floor and partition walls but retains the original cast iron Ionic columns, some of the joinery and a section of the timber floor to the rear of the building. The first floor is accessed via a stair at the southwest corner and is used as a dance studio. A hardwood timber floor with insulation has been laid over the older pine floor, and partition walls used to create bathrooms and stores. This space has a raked boarded ceiling with exposed timber trusses.</p><br>
<h3>Middle Warehouse</h3><br>
<p>The Middle Warehouse is a two-storeyed English bond brick building with a corrugated iron gable roof and two-storeyed brick lean-to at the south end. Both floors have sash windows, some with bars, with arched brick headers and timber shutters, and each end gable has a lancet window. External steel stairs are located at the northwest to access a gallery space in the north of the first floor, and at the south to access staff amenities. A large, steel truss gable roof is attached to the southwest of the building covering the loading area, with a lower cement rendered toilet block and bike store to the west.</p><br>
<p>The ground floor has been extensively altered, with internal walls, columns and the raised timber floor at truck height being removed and a concrete floor laid and steel beams and columns inserted. Air conditioning has been installed, some openings bricked-in and an opening cut in the north wall to extend the space into an adjacent building. An internal stair at the south end leads to the staff amenities above, which has a suspended ceiling. The gallery space has a raked boarded ceiling with exposed timber trusses and heavy timber doors with original hardware.</p><br>
<h3>Wharf Street Warehouse</h3><br>
<p>The Wharf Street Warehouse comprises two single-storeyed brick sheds built at different stages. The front building has an unlined corrugated iron and cement sheet gable roof and barred louvred windows. Internally, the building has a concrete floor, a steel roller door to the south and a stair down to a lower door, opening onto Wharf Street. A large doorway with a sliding timber door opens into the second shed.</p><br>
<p>The second shed has an unlined skillion roof extending to a covered loading area to the west, with a concrete floor and steel roller doors. Remains of an earlier brick structure can be seen in the lower rear corner wall. A bitumen driveway runs along the western side of the site, and accesses car parking behind Brown&#39;s Warehouse to the west on Wharf Street.</p><br>
<h3>Brown's Warehouse</h3><br>
<p>Brown&#39;s Warehouse is a two-storeyed brick building with a parapeted, corrugated iron gable roof and a rendered facade to Wharf Street. This symmetrical facade consists of a central, arched recessed entry and flight of steps with iron gates and an arched sash window to either side. The first floor has a central sash window with J.E. BROWN ESTAB 1857 in relief above, with twin arched sash windows to either side. Render mouldings include a cornice and brackets following the gable with finials to the centre and corners, and window surrounds with horizontal cornice banding. The east elevation has a timber stair with a sliding timber door of diagonal panelling to the first floor and a steel roller door and sash windows with bars to the ground floor. The rear of the building has a steel roller door to the ground floor and the west elevation has only one window in the upper northeast.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the ground floor has cast iron columns and an exposed timber floor above. The building contains cedar joinery including panelled doors, staircase and architraves.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Gataker&#39;s Warehouse Complex was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Gatakers Warehouse Complex, Maryborough, is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queenslands history, in particular the development of Maryborough as a shipping port for the Wide Bay district and the development of Wharf Street to service the port.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The Gataker&#39;s Warehouse Complex is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of warehouses of the late 19th century, dating until the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Gatakers Warehouse Complex is important in exhibiting a range of aesthetic characteristics valued by the local community, including the industrial nature of the buildings forms and their interaction with the surrounding buildings; the difference in design of each building, displaying a hierarchy of use and intent; and their contribution to the streetscapes of Kent and Wharf streets and to the Maryborough townscape.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Gataker&#39;s Warehouse Complex has a special association with the life and work of Gatakers Pty Ltd, one of the oldest surviving Maryborough firms, who have occupied the site for over a century, and JE Brown, an early and prosperous Maryborough pioneer.</p><br>
<p>Jialishan Range is a mountain range in northern Taiwan. It is also regarded as the northern part of "Western Thrust Fault Mountains" by Tomita Yoshirou and Lin Chaoqi.</p><br>
<p>Although it is named as "Range", some scholars think it only is a piedmont belt. It does not find a mention in the geography textbooks of elementary schools and high schools. The reason is Jialishan Range was cut by several rivers.</p><br>
<p>The tallest peak of Jialishan Range is Mount Le, which has a height of 2,618 m.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Jialishan Range faces the Xueshan Range on the east and Alishan Range on the south.</p><br>
<h2>Including</h2><br>
<p>Shen&#39;ao Mountains</p><br>
<p>Sandiouling Mountains</p><br>
<p>Nangang Range</p><br>
<p>Fushishan Range</p><br>
<p>Wuzhishan Range</p><br>
<p>Dajianshan Range</p><br>
<p>Wanli Mountains</p><br>
<p>Shanzijiou Block</p><br>
<p>Qingshukeng Block</p><br>
<p>Daxi Mountains</p><br>
<p>Xiongkongshan Range</p><br>
<p>Youloushan Range</p><br>
<p>Leshan Range</p><br>
<p>Shitoushan Mointains</p><br>
<p>Baguali Range</p><br>
<p>Malabang Range</p><br>
<p>Bajioudong Range</p><br>
<p>Guandaoshan Range</p><br>
<p>Dahu Hills</p><br>
<p>Dongshi Hills</p><br>
<p>Fengyuan Hills</p><br>
<p>Chuyunshan Range</p><br>
<p>Dahengpingshan Range</p><br>
<p>Nantou Hills</p><br>
<p>Jijidashan Range</p><br>
<p>The Chisum House is a historic house at 1320 South Cumberland Street in Little Rock, Arkansas. It is a two story frame structure, with a hip roof and an exterior sheathed in clapboards and decorative cut shingles. The roof is capped by a pair of finials, and there is a three-story square tower angled at one corner, topped by a bellcast roof and finial. The design is varied in the Queen Anne style, with multiple sizes and configurations of windows and porches, the latter featuring turned woodwork. Built in 1894, it is one of the citys relatively few Queen Anne Victorians. It was built by Jason Sowell, one of the citys leading families, in what was then its most exclusive neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Hotel Francis is a heritage-listed former hotel at 310 Kent Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1878. It is also known as Metropolitan Hotel . It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The former Hotel Francis is a two-storey building, constructed in multiple stages between 1878 and 1938. It is on the site of an earlier hotel, the Maryborough Inn, later known as the Steam Packet.</p><br>
<p>Settlement at Maryborough commenced in September 1847 when George Furber established a woolstore on the south bank of the Mary River at the head of navigation. He was followed in June 1848 by ET Aldridge and Henry and RE Palmer, who established their own wharves on the opposite riverbank, at a location now known as the original Maryborough town site at Baddow. In 1850 a new town site was surveyed to the east, at a downstream position which provided better access for shipping. The first sale of land at this new site occurred in 1852, but most residents did not shift to the current centre of Maryborough until 1855 and 1856. Maryborough was gazetted a Port of Entry in 1859 and was proclaimed a municipality, the Borough of Maryborough, in 1861. During the 1860s and 1870s Maryborough flourished as the principal port for the nearby Gympie goldfield and as an outlet for timber and sugar. The establishment of manufacturing plants and primary industries sustained growth in the town into the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>The Maryborough Inn, believed to be the first hotel at the new town, was established on the site as early as 1853. The first licensee was James Davenport Walker. The site was subsequently occupied by the Steam-packet Hotel which was demolished to make way for the first stage of the present building.</p><br>
<p>The first storey of the present building, then known as the Metropolitan Hotel, was erected in 1878. Described as a one-storey building with four sitting rooms and five bedrooms exclusive of those used by the publican, it had an 80 foot (24.4 m) frontage to Kent Street and a 33 foot (10 m) frontage to Richmond Street. Access was provided to the upper floors of the adjoining Helsham&#39;s Buildings for extra accommodation.</p><br>
<p>On 1 May 1883, tenders were advertised for additions to the hotel. This was probably for the first storey of the rear extension facing Richmond Street.</p><br>
<p>Further tenders were called in 1914 for additions and an extension to the bar; the architect being HWF Palmer. The hotel remained a single- storey building and was now described as having seven rooms for the public and three for private use.</p><br>
<p>On 17 April 1919, the Maryborough Chronicle reported that plans had been prepared for a second storey. A photograph indicates this was completed by 1923. The photograph also shows, by this time, the Kent Street frontage was very similar in appearance to the present building but the rear, Richmond Street, extension (now two storeys) comprised only a single storey.</p><br>
<p>The hotel was given its present name, the Hotel Francis, in 1935 while in the ownership of the Noonan family. In 1938 tenders were let for a second-storey addition to staff quarters facing Richmond Street. The architect was POE Hawkes.</p><br>
<p>Surrender of the hotel licence was accepted by the Department of Tourism, Sport and Racing in September 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The former Hotel Francis is a two-storeyed masonry building located on the corner of Kent and Richmond Streets, Maryborough. The site contains several smaller buildings to the rear of the hotel.</p><br>
<p>The hotel comprises two major elements; the early hotel lined with two-storeyed verandahs extending down the Kent Street facade and around the corner into Richmond Street where it is met by the second stage of the building, a two-storeyed stuccoed wing.</p><br>
<p>The early section is constructed of rendered brick which has been scribed to resemble stonework to the height of the parapet, which consists of a face brickwork band surmounted by a stringcourse with dentils above which is an Italianate balustrade punctuated with moulded masonry panels. Centrally located on Kent Street facade of the parapet, interrupting the balustrade is a face brick curved pediment, accentuating the ground floor entrance to the former accommodation and dining rooms. The parapet conceals a hipped corrugated iron roof.</p><br>
<p>The two-storeyed verandah is supported on posts, the cast iron body of which sits on a timber base and is also extended through the frieze in timber. The truncated corner of the building is emphasised by pairs of columns flanking the corner entrance, extending through to the floor above. The ground floor verandah frieze is of plain timber slats with feature fretwork slats, below which are diagonally cut timber panels. One bay of the ground floor verandah space has been infilled with rendered and scribed brickwork. The verandah to the upper floor has an ogee curved profile awning, balustrading of similar detail to the frieze below, and slatted timber brackets and frieze. A rudimentary rear verandah is accessed by a straight timber stair.</p><br>
<p>Entrance to the former public bar is through the double glazed doors, with arctic glass transom window above, on the truncated corner. The Kent Street facade has several half glazed and moulded french doors with operable transom windows above and a centrally located double doorway, of four panelled doors, as well as large window openings with moulded sills and consoles. The joinery to this elevation is very fine and intact.</p><br>
<p>Internally the building features pressed metal ceilings, cornices and roses throughout and timber floors. The upper floor retains some single skin timber partitioning, though the original layout is evident in the pressed metal ceiling where different patterns were used for each room.</p><br>
<p>The later rendered masonry extension, in Richmond Street, features round arched openings to the ground floor and square arched openings above, which are shaded by a hipped awning of fibrous cement. The flat parapet of this section has "HOTEL FRANCIS" in relief, concealing a skillion roof.</p><br>
<p>To the rear of the hotel is a small one storeyed brick building with a hipped corrugated iron roof and a large brick chimney stack at one end.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Hotel Francis was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Hotel Francis demonstrates the growth of Maryborough.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Hotel Francis is a good and intact example of a Queensland country town hotel, and is an important element of the Kent Street streetscape.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>As a hotel and public building for nearly 120 years, the Hotel Francis is important to the local community.</p><br>
<p>Government Bond Store is a heritage-listed bond store at Wharf Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Charles Tiffin and built from 1864 to 1883 by William Hope. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Government Bond Store in Maryborough, one of the earliest brick buildings in the town, was constructed in several stages from 1863. The building served for many years as a store for goods being processed by the adjacent Customs House.</p><br>
<p>The original township of Maryborough was situated, not in its current place, but on the north of the Mary River, after wharves were established there in 1847-8 providing transport for wool from sheep stations on the Burnett River. In 1850 Surveyor, Hugh Roland Labatt arrived in Maryborough with instructions to "examine the River Mary...to suggest...the best site or sites for the laying out of the town, having regard to the convenience of shipping on one hand and internal communication on the other...also...point out the spots desirable as reserves for public building, church, quay and for places for public recreation." The site recommended by Labatt was not where the settlement was emerging but further east and from the early 1850s this is where the growing town developed.</p><br>
<p>With the separation of Queensland from the colony of New South Wales in 1859, Maryborough was declared a Port of Entry and a sub collector was appointed. As a port the conditions of importing and exporting from Maryborough were subject to the control of the Queensland Customs Department. Taxation on goods entering and leaving the colony was an important source of revenue for the newly established Queensland Government and, accordingly, customs services were highly regarded and respected. Collectors and sub-collectors were appointed as towns along the coastline were declared Ports of Entry, and although most customs officers commenced their duties in humble or makeshift buildings, the importance of the service demanded customs houses of more prominence and grandeur.</p><br>
<p>Brinsley Sheridan, the sub-collector appointed to Maryborough, worked from a customs office established in what became the kitchen of an early Maryborough hotel, later known as the Criterion. In 1861 a purpose built customs house was constructed with funds granted by the government. Tenders were called for the building in early 1861 and the building was ready for occupation in March 1862. The site chosen was adjacent to the wharf area. The buildings erected at this time included a brick customs house facing the river and a timber residence adjoining the rear of the main building.</p><br>
<p>As trade increased through the Port of Maryborough, the Government made provision for £500 to be spent on the construction of a Government Bond Store in which to store goods held on the Customs House site. The contract was let in 1864 to a William Hope and a simple rectangular single storeyed brick building was constructed to the south east of the first Customs House. The design of this section of the current Bond Store has been attributed to Queensland&#39;s first Colonial Architect, Charles Tiffin.</p><br>
<p>Through the 1860s and 1870s Maryborough grew rapidly, in response to the discovery of Gold in Gympie to which Maryborough served as port and with the introduction of the railway. The first rail systems were privately owned and linked the wharves with surrounding businesses. In 1881 the North Coast railway line was extended from Maryborough to Gympie. Trade increased and extensions, costing £158 were planned to the Bond Store in 1870. A storey was added to the building and a two storeyed wing extended the building to Wharf Street where an entrance was created. When extended the Bond Store was transformed from a simple rectangular planned building to an L-shaped plan.</p><br>
<p>Further additions, costing £962 were made by 1883 when another two storeyed wing was added between the original 1863 wing and Wharf Street, transforming the L-shaped plan to a rectangular planned building. As well a gauging store was constructed for a cost of £317 by local contractor Henry Neale around the lower floor level of the rear walls of the Bond Store.</p><br>
<p>In 1901 the Customs Service was transferred to Federal government management and therefore the Customs House and ancillary buildings, including the Bond Store were transferred to federal ownership. Although the building has altered very little since the last major additions were made in 1883, its function as a bond store was lost when the Port of Maryborough was relocated to Urangan at Hervey Bay and customs services became redundant in Maryborough. The building has since been converted to a museum, interpreting the history of the former Port of Maryborough within the Portside Centre heritage precinct.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The former Government Bond Store is a two storeyed masonry building, with upper principal level aligned with Wharf Street and a partially subterranean basement level. The building is located within the Customs House reserve.</p><br>
<p>The building has a rectangular plan, principal entrances to the upper storey from Wharf Street, and a corrugated iron double hipped roof, which may have the remnants of an early roof lantern. The two entrances from Wharf Street are emphasised by projecting gabled roof section surmounting brick projections with round arched openings to the doorways. The two entrances are slightly different in detail and size, reflecting the development of the building. The former Bond Store is of brick and stone construction; the external walls are face brick and the foundations of the building are rock faced stone. The principal facade of the building, off Wharf Street, is dominated by the two entrances, which are separated and also flanked by segmental arched window openings.</p><br>
<p>Internally the building has two principal rooms on the upper level, one of which has a timber boarded ceiling, rendered walls and timber boarded floor. The other room, on the south eastern side of the building, has ceilings open to the various sections of roof framing, a timber boarded floor and painted and bagged brickwork walls. In the eastern corner of the former bond store is a straight open tread timber stair leading downwards to the basement level. Access is also provided to this lower level from Macalister Street through large double timber boarded and braced doors. This level has unpainted rubble stone walls forming several smaller spaces, with large arched openings connecting them. The floor is earth and several timber frames, presumable used as storage bases, line the floor.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The former Government Bond Storewas listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The former Government Bond Store in Maryborough is evidence of the early history of the town as an important Queensland port.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The building is a rare surviving and characteristics example of a nineteenth century bond store.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>As one of the earliest brick buildings surviving in Maryborough, the building has the potential to yield evidence of early construction techniques.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building is a rare surviving and characteristics example of a nineteenth century bond store.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building has aesthetic significance as a mid nineteenth century utilitarian brick building.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Bond Store has special associations with the local community as one of the earliest surviving public buildings in Maryborough and now home to a local historical museum.</p><br>
<p>Ilfracombe is a heritage-listed villa at 335 Lennox Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from to. It is also known as Blairholme and Lambert Hyne House. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ilfracombe was constructed in the early 1890s as the residence of Andrew Heron Wilsons sister-in-law, Margaret Blair and her family, adjacent to Wilsons own residence, Doon Villa.</p><br>
<p>The original township of Maryborough was situated, not in its current place, but on the north of the Mary River, after wharves were established in 1847-8 providing transport for wool from sheep stations on the Burnett River. In 1850 surveyer Hugh Roland Labatt arrived in Maryborough with instructions to "examine the River Mary... to suggest...t he best site or sites for the laying out of the town, having regard to the convenience of shipping on one hand and internal communication on the other... also... point out the spots desirable as reserves for public building, church, quay and for places for public recreation." The site recommended by Labatt was not where settlement was established but further east and from the early 1850s this is where the growing town developed. During the 1860s an 1870s, Maryborough flourished as the principal port of Gympie where gold was discovered in 1867.</p><br>
<p>Andrew Heron Wilson arrived in Maryborough in about 1866 and established the Maryborough Sawmills, where he worked for many years before joining in partnership R Hart and J Bartholemew, and constructing a larger sawmill for Wilson, Hart and Co., as the partnership was known, in 1881. He retired from milling after only two years at his new mill. Wilson was a large investor in Gympie gold mining and was a director of the Monkland South Glanmire Company and also of the Maryborough Building Society. He was a member of the Queensland Legislative Council from 19 September 1883 until his death on 29 August 1906.</p><br>
<p>In about 1882 Wilson acquired the property on which he constructed his residence, a large timber house, known as Doon Villa overlooking the Mary River. This was an impressive house and an early history of Maryborough considers it one of the residential jewels of Maryborough, and indeed of Queensland. Wilson planned an impressive garden around the house. He constructed a bowling green for use by a lawn bowls club at his home, the oldest in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>In 1889 Wilson and his wife went on an extended holiday, first to England and then to New Zealand, where they visited Mrs Wilsons sister, Margaret Blair and her children. Margaret Blairs husband, Robert, died on 18 February 1893 and his wife and children left New Zealand and went to live with the Wilsons at Doon Villa in Maryborough. Wilson is thought to have managed the construction of a new house, called Blairholme, for his wifes sister and her four children. Wilson purchased the land, being section 2 on Allotment 147, adjacent to Doon Villas Sections 3 and 4, on which Blairholme was built in 1891 and the house is thought to have been built sometime after Mrs Blairs arrival in 1893. Wilsons involvement with the timber and iron industries in Maryborough may explain the absence of tender notices for the construction of the house, which has made identification of an architect difficult. It is suggested that the architect of Blairholme was from Rockhampton. By 1895 the house was completed and the Blair family were in residence.</p><br>
<p>The death of Andrew Wilson on 29 August 1906 resulted in his land being transferred to Queensland Trustees Limited as a condition of his will, although it appears that the Blair family remained in the house until 1935 when the allotments were subdivided and sold. Hugh Keys bought the property on which Blairholme stood and, two years later, on 8 March 1937, this property was transferred to James Richard Lambert Hyne, a member of another prominent local timber milling family company.</p><br>
<p>The Hyne family were descendant from Richard Matthews Hyne who arrived in Maryborough and established himself as the publican of the Royal Hotel in about 1873. Hyne realised that Maryborough was an emerging municipality as the port of the flourishing Wide Bay-Burnett region and Gympie goldfields. He became interested in establishing institutions in the town and helped improved health, education, welfare and recreational facilities in the area. Hyne was mayor of Maryborough for a year in 1878. The Hyne family have a long interest in the local timber milling industry and their family company continues to this day.</p><br>
<p>The Hyne family had a family home in Lennox Street called Ilfracombe and when they bought Blairholme the name was transferred from this earlier residence. On the death of his father the property was transferred to Warren Henry Hyne who retains the house. In 2012 ownership was transferred to Rod and Sue Grieves who are now reside there with their family. The building has been altered over its life with rear sections removed and replaced. Internally, many changes have been made including extending the kitchen area both into the space of the verandah and into an extension of the house.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Ilfracombe is a large one-storeyed timber constructed overlooking, to the east, a reach of the Mary River. Access to the house is via a laneway from the northern end of Lennox Street, with the building concealed from the street. Surrounding the house is a large garden which includes several established trees and plantings.</p><br>
<p>The house is a timber framed building clad with horizontal timber weatherboards. The corrugated iron roof of the building, which incorporates an attic, is quite complex, reflecting the complexity of the internal planning. The roof scape comprises a number of asymmetrically arranged and variously sized gabled and hipped sections, with a steeply pitched mansard roof over the attic, which is surmounted with a decorative cast iron balustrade, with projecting finials from the corners. Surmounting the gabled ends are similar cast iron finials. The house is lined on three sides by bull-nosed verandahs although some of these have been infilled.</p><br>
<p>Generally the building has high quality joinery and craftsmanship; several projecting bay windows are filled with etched and coloured glass panels and the external joinery is of fine quality.</p><br>
<p>Internally the building generally has timber boarded floors, walls and ceilings. Occasionally the size or orientation of timber boarding varies indicating that much of the house may have been papered or otherwise lined internally when constructed. The interior is arranged around a central vestibule from which hallways lead to the principal entrance to the south and to the kitchen on the west. Many original features remain intact, including a fine anaglypta lined vaulted ceiling in the drawing room; internal doors and other joinery; a fine fireplace with painted tiles, despite many internal alterations.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Ilfracombe was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Ilfracombe was constructed between 1893 and 1895 as the residence Margaret Blair, who was the sister-in-law of Andrew Heron Wilson on whose land the house was built, adjacent to his own residence. The house demonstrates the growth of Maryborough in the late nineteenth century and, in particular, this section of Maryborough which developed as a residential area for large timber homes overlooking a reach of the Mary River.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building is a fine and characteristic example of a large timber home built in Queensland in the late nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building is a fine and characteristic example of a large timber home built in Queensland in the late nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The building is associated with prominent Maryborough families, the Wilsons and the Hynes.</p><br>
<p>Castle Rotondo is a fortress castle in Kaštel Štafilić, Croatia, on the Adriatic coast. It was fully constructed in 1508, on the order of Stefano Štafileo, a Trogirian nobleman. Stafileo ordered its construction in 1508 to protect his lands and the Kozjak&#39;s peasants from the Ottomans pillaging. It is situated by a beautiful sea cliff.</p><br>
<p>Parallel to the castle, there is a fortified renaissance house, where there is the Stafileos family crest, engraved with a bunch of grapes. The grapes are a visual translation of the Štafileo name, which means bunch of grapes in Greek. The crest symbolizes wine making, and the future. There is also an inscription in Latin above the castle gate, which states the original purpose behind the Castles construction. The southern residential wing of the house has a water gate that still exists today.</p><br>
<h2>Origin of the name</h2><br>
<p>Castle Rotondo is named after the noble family, Rotondo that resided in it for over 400 years. Prior to this, it was Castle Štafileo.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first owner, and builder, Stefano Štafileo arrived from Crete, Greece, and married a woman from Trogir. He became a well-respected resident of Trogir with houses and residences all over town.</p><br>
<p>Stefano&#39;s son :hr:Ivan Štafilić was Bishop of the diocese of Sibenik, Archdiacon in Trogir, a doctor in law, lecturer in Rome, the papal legate, diplomat, Croatian Latinist, and later, Polish nobility.</p><br>
<p>Ivan was a diplomat to Pope Leo X, handled the divorce of King Henry VIII of England, and Catherine of Aragon. Was baptized by the French king Francis I in 1519. The King of Poland, Sigismund I the Old, gave Ivan a title, and a priceless painting. The painting can be found today in the church of Kaštel Štafilić.</p><br>
<h2>Function</h2><br>
<p>The Castle functioned as a Fortress, where it protected villagers from invading Turkish occupiers.</p><br>
<h2>Size</h2><br>
<p>The Castle has an area of 1,127 m2, with a ground floor, and three higher floors,</p><br>
<p>Liangkang Kangri  is a mountain peak in the Himalayas on the border between Bhutan and China, as well as at the southeastern end of territory claimed by both countries. Liangkang Kangri is 7,535 m high. To the south, a ridge leads to the 7,570 m Gangkhar Puensum 2 km to the south-southeast. Due to the low saddle height of 234 m, Liangkang Kangri is not regarded as an independent mountain. Westward a ridge leads to the 6,680 m high Chumhari Kang. The Liangkanggletscher on the northwest flank and the Namsanggletscher on the eastern flank of Liangkang Kangri form the headwaters of the Lhobrak Chhu, a source river of Kuri Chhu. The glacier on the southwest flank belongs to the catchment area of Angde Chhu.</p><br>
<p>The first ascent of Liankang Kangri was by a 5-member party led by the Japanese mountaineer Kiyohiko Suzuki on 5 May 1999. According to them, Liankang Kangri is the second highest unclimbed mountain in the world, after Gangkhar Puensum.</p><br>
<p>The Deacon Andrew Dunning House is a historic house on Mountain Road in North Harpswell, Maine. Built about 1757 by one of Harpswells early settlers, it is one of the towns oldest buildings. It was also the subject of a well-meaning but ill-informed Colonial Revival "restoration" in the 1940s, illustrating some of the issues with those types of actions. The property, which includes the Dunning family cemetery, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Dunning House stands on a parcel of more than 48 acre of land on the east side of the main Harpswell peninsula, just south of Mountain Road near its crossing to the town&#39;s eastern peninsula. Most of this land, which has always been historically associated with the house, is wooded, with a roughly 5 acre area of meadow surrounding the house, which is accessed by a private lane (Old Dunning Road) to its west. The house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, three bays wide, with a single central chimney, side gable roof, clapboard siding, and stone foundation. Its main facade faces south, and has an enclosed gabled center entrance vestibule. The flanking sash windows on the first floor are place slightly irregularly, while those on the second floor, which are slightly smaller, have more regular positioning. It is not known if these window positions are original. The window positions on the east side appear to be original, although the windows themselves date to the 19th and 20th centuries. A breezeway extends from the rear of the house, connecting it to a two-bay garage with two-leaf swinging doors.</p><br>
<p>The house was built c. 1757-60 by Andrew Dunning, originally from York, Maine, and is one of the towns oldest surviving buildings. Dunning was prominent in local civic affairs, serving as town selectman, town clerk, and deacon of the church for many years. The house was owned by Dunnings descendants until 1871, acquiring over time a number of additions and alterations, including gables in the roof, a two-story addition, and a porch across the front facade. Abandoned for many years, it was acquired in 1946 by a Gorham couple, who engaged in a "restoration" in which they sought to return the house to its 18th-century appearance. The accumulated alterations (some of which were documented in a pen-and-ink sketch dating to 1878) were removed, and the breezeway and garage added. Interior elements of the restoration included the reuse of wood paneling from another period Harpswell house (which was demolished) in some of the downstairs rooms. The restoration was the subject of media interest, receiving press coverage that included "before and after" photography.</p><br>
<p>Hamlin Park Historic District is a national historic district and neighborhood located at Buffalo in Erie County, New York. The district encompasses 1,368 contributing buildings, 3 contributing sites, and 6 contributing structures in a predominantly residential section of Buffalo. The district includes a variety of residential buildings built primarily between about 1895 and 1930, and later improved through Model Cities Program grants between 1966 and 1975. It includes a variety of pattern book houses in popular architectural styles of the late-19th and early-20th century, with some interspersed Bungalow / American Craftsman style dwellings. Located in the district are the separately listed Robert T. Coles House and Studio and Stone Farmhouse. Other notable buildings include the Lutheran Church Home , the former Second United Presbyterian Church , and the former St. Francis DeSales Roman Catholic Church .</p><br>
<p>Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Market Street Historic District is a national historic district located in the Black Rock neighborhood of Buffalo in Erie County, New York. The district encompasses 15 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in a mixed residential and commercial section of Buffalo. The district developed between about 1830 and 1912, and includes a buildings in a variety of architectural styles including Federal, Gothic Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, Romanesque Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman. Located in the district is the separately listed St. Francis Xavier Roman Catholic Parish Complex. Other notable contributing resources include the Market Square , Black Rock Savings and Loan , Firehouse Engine #15 , Smith House and Tavern , St. John&#39;s Church , and Howell House and Store .</p><br>
<p>Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Gulfport Army Air Field Hangar, also known as FBO Hangar and Gulfport Municipal Airport Terminal, was constructed in 1944-45 for use in training combat crews to operate the B-29 Superfortress. Located in Gulfport, Mississippi, the hangar was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011, and was designated a Mississippi Landmark in 2012.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In support of the United States entry into World War II, Gulfport Army Air Field was constructed in 1942 to serve as a training facility for aviation units associated with heavy bombers, such as the B-17. In 1944, the War Department expanded the Gulfport Air Field and began constructing the present hangar to accommodate the larger B-29 bomber.</p><br>
<p>The concrete and steel hangar has a large vaulted roof with one-story, lean-to additions, on the east and west sides, along its length. The hangar is approximately 200 ft long, north to south, and 80 ft wide. Two-inch thick gypsum planks were used to cover the roof, and the planks were sealed with bitumen. Access to the hangar was through a series of sliding wood doors, covered in sheet metal. Sheet metal was also used as siding for the structure.</p><br>
<p>When World War II ended, the Gulfport Army Air Field was declared excess property and was transferred by the War Assets Administration to the City of Gulfport in 1949. The western lean-to addition on the hangar was used as the Gulfport Municipal Airport passenger terminal from about 1947 until 1963. The hangar was then leased to various aviation enterprises through August 2005, when the structure was heavily damaged by Hurricane Katrina. Restoration of the hangar began in 2015.</p><br>
<p>Hangar restoration was completed in May 2016. On May 26, 2016, the Gulfport–Biloxi Regional Airport Authority held an official lease signing agreement, transferring the hangar to the Mississippi National Guard.</p><br>
<p>Gulfport Army Air Field Hangar (April 2016).jpgHangar&#39;s northeast elevation, 2016</p><br>
<p>Taylor Signal Company-General Railway Signal Company is a historic industrial complex located in Buffalo, Erie County, New York. It was designed by the noted architectural firm of Esenwein & Johnson and built between 1902 and 1906. The daylight factory complex consists of a rectangular two and three-story brick factory building with a central light court and wings. It has a three-story brick office building fronting on Elmwood Avenue and connected to the factory by a hyphen. The office building features Gothic Revival style design elements. The complex housed the Taylor Signal Company/General Railway Signal Company until 1907, when operations were moved to Rochester, New York. Afterwards, it housed a number of manufacturing companies including the Century Telephone Construction Company, General Drop Forge Company, Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company, and Lippard-Stewart Motor Car Company.</p><br>
<p>Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>and The complex has been renovated to house a hotel, banquet facility, and loft apartments.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<p>Unit A of the Climber Motor Car Factory is a historic industrial building at 1823 East 17th Street in Little Rock, Arkansas. It is a large wood frame structure, topped by a gabled monitor roof. Its walls are concrete block for the bottom 2 ft, and wood frame between concrete pillars above. The building was constructed in 1919 for the Climber Motor Company, the only automobile manufacturer founded in the state, and was the only part actually built of a planned multi-building complex. The company manufactured automobiles here until 1924, after which it was used by Command-Aire to build small aircraft, and by the Great Northern Paper Company to manufacture toilet paper.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Sibley and Holmwood Candy Factory and Witkop and Holmes Headquarters, also known as the Weed & Company Building, are two connected historic commercial buildings located in downtown Buffalo, Erie County, New York. The Sibley & Holmwood Candy Factory  was built in 1896 and is a five-story, nine-bay-wide brick commercial block with late-Gothic detailing. It features Gothic window arches, decorative cast-iron columns on the storefront, and corbelled cornice. The Witkop & Holmes Headquarters  was designed by the noted architectural firm Bethune, Bethune & Fuchs and built in 1901. It is a four-story, three-bay-wide brick commercial block. Both buildings have flat roofs.</p><br>
<p>Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>and The building has been renovated to house loft apartments.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<p>Palaiopyrgos  is a village and a community of the Agia municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Evrymenes.</p><br>
<h2>Administrative division</h2><br>
<p>The community of Palaiopyrgos consists of three separate settlements:</p><br>
<p>Alexandrini (population 83)</p><br>
<p>Palaiopyrgos (population 161)</p><br>
<p>Strintzios (uninhabited)</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The village is located on a plain run by Pineios river, located between Mount Ossa, and Mount Olympus.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>According to the 2011 census, the population of the settlement of Palaiopyrgos was 161 people, a decrease of almost 14% compared with the population of the previous census of 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Brookline-Newfane Bridge is a historic bridge spanning the West River between Brookline and Newfane, Vermont on Grassy Brook Road. It is a camelback through truss bridge, built in 1928 by the Berlin Construction Company in the wake of Vermont&#39;s devastating 1927 floods. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007 as Bridge 19, at which time it was one of seven surviving camelback bridges in the state. It last underwent a major rehabilitation in 2003-4.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Brookline-Newfane Bridge is located on the West River, which forms the town line between northeastern Newfane and southwestern Brookline. The road it carries is called Grassy Spring Road (or Town Highway 1) in Brookline and Radway Hill Road (Town Highway 4) in Newfane. The bridge, which is owned jointly by the two towns, is the principal means of access to Brookline from the south, and Grassy Brook Road is the town&#39;s principal thoroughfare. It is a camelback through truss iron structure, with a main span of 160 ft and a total width of 20 ft. A steel I-beamed approach span of 30 ft provides access to the bridge on the Brookline side.</p><br>
<p>A bridge has probably stood on this site as early as 1782, when the road linking the two towns was surveyed. It is not known how many bridges have stood there; the bridge destroyed by the 1927 flooding was a Town lattice truss bridge. Following that flooding, temporary bridges were hastily assembled at this site; they were washed away during thaw floods in January 1928. The present bridge was built in spring 1928. The Berlin Construction Company, who built it, was in some ways a successor to the Berlin Iron Bridge Company, having been formed by employees of that company after its acquisition by the American Bridge Company. The bridge was built on older abutments, raising them to a point 2 in below the 1927 flood&#39;s high water mark.</p><br>
<p>High and Locust Streets Historic District is a national historic district located at Lockport in Niagara County, New York. The district encompasses 120 contributing buildings in a predominantly residential section of Lockport. The district developed between about 1840 and 1936, and includes buildings in a variety of architectural styles including Greek Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Classical Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman. Located in the district are the separately listed Chase-Crowley-Keep House, Chase-Hubbard-Williams House, and Thomas Oliver House. Other notable buildings include the F.N. Nelson House , Calvin Haines/Alonzo J. Mansfield House , J. Dunville House , Ambrose S. Beverly House , Dr. Martin S. Kittinger House , and F. N. Nelson House/Lockport Home for the Friendless .</p><br>
<p>Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<p>Maryborough Base Hospital is a heritage-listed hospital at Walker Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Queensland Colonial Architect John James Clark and built from 1887 by Robert Taylor. It is also known as Maryborough General Hospital. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 2 February 1998.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The current site of the Maryborough Hospital, which is the fourth hospital site, was established in 1887 when a complex of brick buildings was constructed to the design of Queensland Colonial Architect John James Clark. The hospital site has experienced many phases of development, most obviously in the late 1920s, the late 1930s and in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Many of the individual buildings, dating from both the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, are of cultural heritage significance.</p><br>
<p>The original township of Maryborough was situated, not in its current place, but on the north of the Mary River, after wharves were established in 1847-8 providing transport for wool from sheep stations on the Burnett River. In 1850 Surveyor, Hugh Roland Labatt arrived in Maryborough with instructions to "examine the River Mary...to suggest...the best site or sites for the laying out of the town, having regard to the convenience of shipping on one hand and internal communication on the other...also...point out the spots desirable as reserves for public building, church, quay and for places for public recreation." The site recommended by Labatt was not where settlement was established but further east and from the early 1850s this is where the growing town developed.</p><br>
<p>In 1854 a hospital had been established in Maryborough in Fort Street, and prior to this the sick and invalided were treated at home by a few medical practitioners who lived in the town. By 1859 a Committee of Management had established another hospital, near the new centre of the town, at the corner of Ferry and Albert Streets, but was moved in 1863 to a site on the corner of Lennox and Walker Streets. In 1864 the hospital moved to its first purpose built building in Lennox Street, near the corner of Sussex Street. A substantial two storeyed brick building was constructed and a wing was added to this in 1865. In 1876 further additions were made to this site.</p><br>
<p>By the mid 1880s, the Lennox Street site was considered inadequate and another site on a large block in Walker Street on elevated ground on the western outskirts of the town was set aside for hospital use. This was officially reserved as a Hospital Reserve after the hospital was constructed, on 4 October 1888 and Henry Palmer, Henry Walker and William Southerden were appointed as trustees.</p><br>
<h3>Centre Block and C-Block</h3><br>
<p>The first complex constructed on the new hospital site comprised three brick buildings, a central administrative core flanked by wards, as well as a separate medical superintendent&#39;s residence and a palisade fence with gates along Walker Street. These were designed by colonial architect JJ Clark and based on contemporary principles of hospital design about the pavilion plan.</p><br>
<p>For about eighty years, from the 1860s, all wards in hospitals built in Queensland were based on the principles of the pavilion plan which emerged as a development of hospital design in Europe in the 1850s. Pavilion planning was seen to overcome problems of good ventilation and sanitation. From the nineteenth century credence was given to the idea that disease was spread by foul air, according to miasmatic theory. The first pavilion plan was used in the design of the Lariboisière Hospital in Paris, which was a series of detached pavilions, where increased ventilation assisted patients in ridding themselves of their illness. This was a breakthrough in hospital design, because for the first time the building form was considered a crucial element of the healing process. By the 1870s and 1880s many pavilion plan type hospital wards were being constructed in major hospitals through Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Two of the nineteenth century buildings extant at the Maryborough Hospital, namely C-Block and Centre Block, are remnants of a pavilion planned hospital. The original 1887 complex comprised three buildings, a central administrative core flanked by two storeyed pavilion wards, those to the east for women and those to the west for men. Of these buildings only sections of the administrative core, Centre Block, and the men&#39;s wards, C Block, remain. The Centre Block housed offices and consulting rooms on the ground floor and residential quarters on the first floor.</p><br>
<p>Early photographs of the hospital showing these three buildings clearly manifest the ideals of pavilion planning; with three distinct and separated structures surrounded by verandahs. Of about eighty pavilion planned wards constructed in Queensland during the nineteenth century only six remain, three of these are at the Royal Brisbane Hospital, one at Isisford and one at Ipswich.</p><br>
<p>The foundation stone of the buildings was laid by the Queensland Premier, Sir Samuel Griffith on 15 April 1885, by which time much of the land had been cleared and trees planted. As well gates and fence rails were ordered from local founders, Walkers Ltd. The architect of the project John James Clark, was at that time the Colonial Architect a position he retained from 1883 until 1885. Though this was a limited period of employment Clark is a well regarded architect as the designer of many important Queensland buildings, includingthe Treasury Building in Brisbane; court houses in Mackay, Rockhampton, Warwick and Charters Towers as well as the Yungaba Immigration Depot in Brisbane. Clark designed many health related buildings throughout the state including hospitals at Charleville and Geraldton; additions to Townsville Hospital, the Baillie Henderson Hospital in Toowoomba, and the Lady Norman Wing at the Brisbane Children&#39;s Hospital.</p><br>
<p>The Maryborough Hospital buildings, comprising the hospital complex, residence and fence and gates, were opened on 20 May 1887. The total cost of the complex was about £16 000 to which substantial donations had been made by local benefactors and the Committee&#39;s General Fund with the remainder coming from the government. The contractor for the work was Robert Taylor. In the late 1880s a separate ward for Pacific Islanders was constructed on the Maryborough Hospital site.</p><br>
<p>The Hospitals Act (1923) introduced many changes to the practice of health care provision in Queensland, resulting in the state government providing more funding to hospitals, bringing about the current system of health care as a responsibility of the state. The Act allowed for the creation of districts, each with a hospital board responsible for fundraising and management issues. Shortfalls in funding were met by state and local governments.</p><br>
<p>In the decade following the introduction of the Act, the idea of the "modern hospital" emerged as a departure from the pavilion planned hospital. The modern hospital was focussed on cleanliness and efficiency influenced by the new germ theory of disease. These values were achieved within the framework provided by a new, modern architecture and characterised by multi levelled high rise structures incorporating new, building and health technology.</p><br>
<p>The Act of 1923 was amended in 1944 and, among other changes to the health care system, introduced the concept of base hospitals. Within each region of the state a base hospital was established to offer more specialised services than other hospitals in the region. It was in this way that the name of the Maryborough Hospital was changed to become the Maryborough Base Hospital. During the 1930s the Hospital Board appointed local architect, POE Hawkes to the position of Board Architect and he designed the buildings constructed in the 1938 redevelopment of the grounds. Much of the construction work designed by Hawkes was supervised by EH Boden.</p><br>
<h3>Former Lady Musgrave Maternity Hospital</h3><br>
<p>This was constructed in 1928 and took its name from an earlier maternity hospital constructed near the town centre to the design of local architect Samuel Bragg. Before the Maternity Act (1922) lying-in hospitals were run by charitable or religious institutes to provide services for women unable to pay for private pre-natal care. The institutions were named after the wife of the incumbent governor. The Act of 1922 changed the nature of maternity care in Queensland, providing free maternity hospitals and baby clinics throughout the state to engender an increase in population particularly in outback areas. Implementation began immediately and resulted in the construction of about 94 maternity hospitals or wards throughout the state before 1930.</p><br>
<p>As part of this program a maternity ward, the Lady Musgrave block was constructed in the grounds of the Maryborough Hospital. The building replaced an earlier 1888 lying-in hospital, from where the later buildings got their names. This 1888 building was constructed at the corner of John and North Streets in central Maryborough and was funded by a local fund raising committee. This earlier maternity hospital was opened on 8 November 1888.</p><br>
<p>The 1928 maternity ward, which replaced this earlier nineteenth century building, was a reinforced concrete building designed by prominent and innovative local architect POE Hawkes. Many of the states maternity wards were constructed to a standard plan, based on pavilion planning principles with surrounding verandahs and all beds in the ward located near on operable opening. Attached to the rear of the wards by an open verandah or covered walk way was a septic ward. The plan of the Maryborough maternity ward was longer than the standard plan accommodating twenty five beds, nine private wards, matrons office, doctors room, kitchenette, two labour wards, septic wards, sterilising room and matrons quarters. The building incorporated many features standard to 1920s maternity hospitals including a septic ward separated by verandahs. The Lady Musgrave Maternity Ward was opened on 24 November 1928 to co-incide with the opening of nurses&#39; quarters.</p><br>
<p>On 31 July 1965, a new Lady Musgrave Maternity Ward was opened on land to the north of North Street, acquired by the hospital for the planning of this new wing. North Street was closed through the hospital grounds meaning that the 1928 maternity hospital, which was retained for future use as a disabled children&#39;s ward, no longer addressed a street, but faced the rear of the new maternity wing. Mr Douglas Tooth, the Minister for Health, opened the building which cost £250 000 and was designed by the Public Works Department.</p><br>
<h3>The Nurses' Quarters</h3><br>
<p>Two substantial two storeyed buildings were constructed on the Maryborough hospital site as accommodation for nurses. The first, facing Walker Street, was constructed in 1928, but after only ten years was converted to private wards and another nurses&#39; quarters was constructed facing Yaralla Street.</p><br>
<p>Following the introduction of the Hospital Nurses Award in 1921 basic rates were introduced for nursing staff stipulating wages, hours of work, and, importantly that all staff were entitled to free board and lodging in, if possible, separate rooms or suitable cubicles. The result of the award was the upgrading of accommodation for nurses and also an increase in the number of nurses employed at each hospital. Between 1924 and 1930, twenty six new nurses&#39; quarters were constructed throughout Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The first nurses quarters constructed at the Hospital, was a two storeyed reinforced concrete building providing accommodation for 78 nurses and domestic staff. The building was opened on 24 November 1928, along with the Lady Musgrave Maternity Hospital and both of the buildings were designed by Maryborough architect, POE Hawkes. This building served as a nurses quarters for only ten years when a new nurses&#39; quarters was constructed and the earlier building was converted to private wards.</p><br>
<p>When opened, the private wards were known as the Demaine Block, named after the incumbent Mayor of Maryborough, Mr William H Demaine who was also the chairman of the hospital board. The conversion of the building resulted in the opening of 35 private wards and to augment this an operating theatre and doctors residence were constructed. The total building costs, including the construction of a new nurses block, was £33 000 and the construction work was completed by Constructions Pty Ltd of Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The 1938 nurses&#39; quarters, constructed facing Yaralla Street were similar in design to the 1928 quarters, and was also designed by local architect, POE Hawkes, although it was supervised by another architect, EH Boden and he may have contributed to the final design. Provision was made for 100 bedrooms with an internal arrangement similar to the earlier buildings comprising central hallways from which the bedrooms were accessed, and front and rear verandahs to which nearly all of the internal rooms have access.</p><br>
<h3>20th Century Residences</h3><br>
<p>There are a number of twentieth century residences on the Maryborough hospital site including a two storeyed building facing Walker Street, a brick duplex facing Yaralla Street, and a reinforced concrete building at the corner of Walker and Yaralla Streets. Medical residence became popular during the inter-war period when various schemes were introduced to house medical officers on site.</p><br>
<p>During the first 1928 phase of development a doctors house was constructed at the corner of Walker and Yaralla Streets. Designed by POE Hawkes, this building is of reinforced concrete and has wide surrounding timber framed verandahs. This building was intended to replace nineteenth century residence which was partially demolished as a result of the nearby construction of the first nurses quarters, now the Demaine Block. The new residence was constructed for under £2000 after the Board asked the Public Works Department to revise their scheme which was to cost considerably more. An inspection of the early plan of the building indicates that the building was carefully designed to ensure passive temperature control.</p><br>
<p>After ten years, in 1938 another doctor&#39;s residence was constructed on Walker Street also to the design of local architect, POE Hawkes. Also a reinforced concrete building, this was designed to be an imposing feature and is vaguely Mediterranean in its design inspiration, with an arcaded loggia of three smooth faced arched openings forming a central entrance porch to the building. The living quarters were on the ground floor and the sleeping accommodation is above. A newspaper reports that the external walls were to be finished in the "traventene style, whilst white plaster boards are being used on the inner walls and ceilings."</p><br>
<p>In 1950 another residence was constructed, facing Yaralla Street and designed by architects, Prangley and Tesch. The building was designed as a symmetrically arranged one storeyed duplex as quarters for medical staff.</p><br>
<h3>Other Buildings</h3><br>
<p>During the first major redevelopment of the hospital, when the new Lady Musgrave hospital and the first nurses&#39; quarters were constructed in 1928, other new buildings on the site included a mortuary also designed by POE Hawkes which is used as such to this day. This is a small reinforced concrete building rendered with roughcast stucco. At the time of the development the curator of the Gardens, Mr Fred Lawrence, as engaged to lay out the grounds.</p><br>
<p>The next phases of development, opened in 1938 resulted in the construction of a dedicated operating theatre, which was until this stage, housed in various other buildings on the site. The operating theatre was designed by POE Hawkes and is obviously influenced by Spanish Mission architecture which was a popular inter-war architectural style. The building was constructed adjacent to the western side of the newly opened Demaine Block. The design of the operating theatre was described in the local newspaper at the time of opening "as the most up to date in Australia" and influenced by a "famous hospital in Berlin". A lengthy report of the innovative fittings and finishes follows and this describes many features which are standard in operating theatres of today. The operating theatre was extended in the 1950s and again in the 1970s and was converted for use as a store when the new major blocks were constructed.</p><br>
<p>In 1950 a dining room, designed by Brisbane architects, Donoghue, Cusick and Edwards was constructed and this was a single storeyed timber building elevated on stumps. The building is now used as a School of Nursing. In conjunction with the construction of the dining room the same architects designed a brick kitchen constructed by the Queensland Building and Engineering Company. In November 1997 these buildings were substantially intact.</p><br>
<p>In the year following, 1951, an ambulance station was constructed on the Maryborough Hospital site. This was built facing Neptune Street for a cost of £7500 and housed four ambulance station bays and ancillary room. This is now used as an engineers&#39; workshop.</p><br>
<p>In 1953 the first section of what is now the largest building on the site was constructed. Always intended to be extended, this section of the building formed the ground floor level of what is now B block, on the corner of Walker and Neptune Streets. An official opening of the building was held on November 14, 1953 by the Minister for Health and Home Affairs, Mr WM Moore, which was intended as the outpatients and administrative wing of the hospital. Cabinet had decided on a building programme for the site and approval was given in June 1948 for the acceptance of a tender from Queensland Building and Engineering Co for £89,945/10/-, although the cost of the buildings was £143,000 and the construction of a dining room and kitchen was the first part of this building programme. The building was extended in 1977 and opened by Dr Llewellyn Edwards on 23 April 1877 and again extended in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Maryborough Hospital site is located to the west of the town centre on a large site bordered by Walker, Neptune and Yaralla Streets and Winston Noble Drive. The site was originally bisected by a continuation of North Street, parallel to Walker Street, but this was closed to traffic in the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>The site comprises a large number of buildings of varying ages and this description will list them in chronological order. There is little overall planning of the site evident, although individual buildings are surrounded by landscaped areas which address street frontage and provide context. There are a large number of significant trees on the site, as well as circular entrance drives, bedding and other landscape features which are important to the site. A small timber framed bus shelter with hipped roof is on the Walker Street boundary of the property, adjacent to the original entrance gates.</p><br>
<h3>1887 former Ward and Centre Block (now C Block and Centre Block)</h3><br>
<p>Two of the three nineteenth century buildings on the site, C Block and Centre Block are now substantially disguised by later accretions, although many of these additions could be removed to reveal the form of the original buildings. The buildings, which are now linked to one another by a covered walkway, were two storeyed brick structures surrounded by open verandahs.</p><br>
<p>C Block, one of the original ward blocks, is not immediately recognisable as a nineteenth century building, as the two storeyed verandahs surrounding the building have been infilled with a s brick envelope through which aluminium framed openings are punched. The complex hipped roof of the original structure is evident above these verandahs and this retains an early corrugated iron cladding.</p><br>
<p>Internally the building has been renovated but retains many interesting features including an early stair hall and an open ward on the first floor. This ward, which has plaster rendered walls and a raked timber boarded ceiling, is an example of nineteenth century pavilion planning.</p><br>
<p>Centre Block, like C Block is a two storeyed face brick building, with most of its verandahs infilled. The original corrugated iron clad pyramidal roof and verandah awnings are evident. Internally the building retains an early ground floor layout, with several rooms featuring nineteenth century timber joinery, fireplaces and openings. The early entrance to this block is a large double timber and glazed door surmounted by a round arched fanlight and all surrounded with aligned glazed openings and although some of the glazing has been replaced, this doorway survives substantially intact.</p><br>
<h3>1887 former Residence (now Information Technology Building)</h3><br>
<p>When the original nurses quarters were constructed in 1928 the original doctors residence was partially demolished. However, what remains of this single storeyed brick building is legible as a nineteenth century residence. The building is raised on concrete stumps and foundations and is surrounded at the eastern end by a timber framed verandah which follows the apsidal plan form of this end of the building. The complex hipped roof is clad with corrugated iron. The building has original openings and joinery.</p><br>
<h3>1887 Gateway</h3><br>
<p>Located in a central position on the Walker street boundary of the hospital site are four substantial rendered masonry gate posts with cast iron palisade gate. The central two gate posts are larger than the flanking posts and all feature steeply pitched double gabled cap. The faces of the central posts have trefoiled lancet-type recesses and this motif is repeated on the smaller posts with circular recesses housing trefoils. The corner edges of the posts are chamfered and the posts have enlarged bases.</p><br>
<h3>1928 Nurses' Quarters (now Demaine Block)</h3><br>
<p>The Demaine Block is prominently sited, facing Walker Street and between the street boundary and the building has a large circular drive around a small traffic island planted with an established poinciana tree. The symmetrically arranged building is a large two storeyed reinforced concrete structure comprising a long central wing, parallel to Walker Street, flanked by transverse wings. Lining the front and the rear of the block are two storeyed timber framed verandahs. The verandahs are housed under the corrugated iron clad hipped roof of the building and have a vertical timber battened balustrade. A centrally located simple concrete stair with timber balustrade provides access to the ground floor level of the building. Other, more recent stairs have been added to the internal corners of the building, although a straight timber stair survives on the rear elevation. The entrance stair sits within a projection on the front facade of the building and this is reflected by a large gabled projection in the roof. Although some openings remain, many of the original openings have been infilled and replaced. The building has been internally refurbished although the original floorplan survives in sections.</p><br>
<h3>1928 former Lady Musgrave Maternity Ward</h3><br>
<p>This building which is now in the middle of the hospital site, originally faced the extension of North Street which was closed in the 1960s. The original maternity ward is a long one storeyed reinforced concrete building surrounded by an infilled timber framed verandah. The corrugated iron clad hipped roof extends over the early verandahs space, making it quite steeply pitched. Three small projections from the south eastern facade which would originally have been the rear elevation, house individual rooms and these are roofed with hipped projections from the principal roof. Adjoining the building at the western end is a small separately hipped roofed building. The other end of the former maternity ward is linked by a short semi enclosed walkway to a separate hipped roof structure. This small reinforced concrete structure, which was always intended as part of the larger maternity complex, is also surrounded by infilled verandahs, and the interior is substantially intact, with original internal partitioning, openings, ceilings and other joinery.</p><br>
<h3>1928 Morgue</h3><br>
<p>This small one storeyed reinforced concrete building is still in use as the hospital morgue. The building contains two adjoining sections, forming a T-shaped plan, with corrugated iron hipped roof and a centrally located roof ventilator. The building is rendered with rough cast stucco and, originally on the now closed North Street boundary of the site, is centrally located east of the maternity wing. The building comprises a viewing room, mortuary, post-mortem room and small waiting room.</p><br>
<h3>1928 Medical Superintendent's Residence</h3><br>
<p>This one storeyed reinforced concrete building has timber framed verandahs and external timber cladding on some sections. The residence is diagonally sited to address the corner of Walker and Yaralla Streets. The hipped roof of the building is clad with corrugated iron sheeting. When completed the building comprised three bedrooms, drawing room, dining room, study, kitchen, laundry and maid&#39;s room and remains substantially intact.</p><br>
<h3>1938 Nurses' Quarters</h3><br>
<p>This building, which faces Yaralla Street, is similar to the original nurses quarters, now known as the Demaine Block and is a two storeyed reinforced concrete building. Like the Demaine Block, the nurses quarters has a large circular drive between it and the street. The building comprises a long central bay, parallel to Yaralla Street and flanked at the two ends by transverse bays which project both into the front and rear elevations, resulting in a H-shaped plan. The building has a hipped roof which extends to provide cover for the two storeyed verandahs which line the front and rear elevations of the building. The timber framed verandahs have similarly detailed balustrade and frieze panelling to that found on the Demaine Block. Likewise a similar centrally projecting section, houses the entrance and is reflected on the roof with a large gabled projection. The ground floor of this projection is lined with heavy rendered masonry, half and three quarter height, piers and this face has now been infilled with glazed louvres. The building is substantially intact with original openings, joinery, floorplan and entrances.</p><br>
<p>At the rear of the building is an iron framed and corrugated iron clad structure with a gabled roof and lined with timber framed window openings. This is thought to have been constructed for military purposes during World War Two.</p><br>
<h3>1938 former Residence now Staff Quarters</h3><br>
<p>This residence is an imposing two storeyed, rough cast rendered, brick building facing Walker Street. The building has a rectangular plan and corrugated iron clad hipped roof. The building has a centrally located, one storeyed arcaded projection from the front facade, which is formed by three arched openings forming an entrance loggia. Flanking this are two square headed openings, which also line the two stories of the other facades. A two storeyed rear verandah has been enclosed with fibrous cement sheeting and glazing. The building is substantially intact with few internal alterations.</p><br>
<h3>1938 former Operating Theatre (now CSSD)</h3><br>
<p>This is a one storeyed rough cast rendered brick building, centrally located on the site adjacent to the western side of the Demaine Block and behind A Block. This building has a corrugated iron clad hipped roof with a central projecting gable on the former front elevation, which is clad with a decorative Spanish Mission inspired parapeted gable element extending the full height of the building. The building features a number of large, steel framed window opening, comprising a number of hinged operable glazing panels.</p><br>
<h3>1950 former Dining room (now School of Nursing)</h3><br>
<p>This is a simple rectangular planned timber framed and clad building with hipped corrugated iron roof. The building is slightly elevated from the ground on timber stumps with timber framed hinged windows lining each of the elevations. Adjoining the two shorter ends of the buildings are shorter hipped roof projections. The building is substantially intact.</p><br>
<h3>1950 Kitchen</h3><br>
<p>This is a single storeyed brick building lined with iron framed window openings. The building has a rectangular floor plan and a gabled roof. Various brick additions have been made to this structure. The main food preparation area is at the western end of the building and a staff dining room is at the eastern end. This building has a large internal space divided by a concrete partition and remains substantially intact.</p><br>
<h3>1950 Residence</h3><br>
<p>This duplex residence, facing Yaralla Street, is constructed from polychrome brick. The building is symmetrically composed and has a hipped roof clad with ceramic tiles. The Yaralla Street elevation of the building has a central projection which is hipped roofed and features a line of six openings filled with timber framed hopper windows, which are aligned with six oversized ventilation openings at ground level. Flanking the windows are two iron grilled openings.</p><br>
<h3>1951 former Ambulance (now Engineers' Workshop)</h3><br>
<p>This is an interesting one storeyed partially rendered brick building facing Neptune Street, whose skillion roof is concealed by a rendered parapet. At the northern corner of the Neptune Street facade is a large square planned brick tower which has parallel vertical rendered brick fin elements and a rendered parapet and projecting brick quoining at the corners. A narrow cantilevered awning surrounds the building. Four large full length openings, originally used as ambulance vehicle bays give access to the building from Neptune Street.</p><br>
<h3>Other structures on the site</h3><br>
<p>A and B Blocks are large three and four storeyed brick buildings which dominate the site and are situated along the Walker Street boundary. The buildings comprise a number of variously aged additions but are characterised by flat face brick facades with horizontal strip openings and narrow vertical and horizontal fins used as sunshading devices.</p><br>
<p>The 1965 maternity block is located at the northern, rear end of the site. The one storeyed brick building is diagonally sited and has an L-shaped plan. The longer section of the L houses wards which have access to front and rear concrete framed verandahs. The building has a number of concrete surrounded window openings and a quite flat skillioned roof.</p><br>
<p>The pathology lab is a one storeyed L-shaped planned brick building centrally located on the site near the 1950 timber kitchen. A large two storeyed brick boiler is located on the Neptune Street elevation of the site. It has a dramatic steeply pitched skillion roof and horizontal strip openings and external concrete framing.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Maryborough Base Hospital was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 2 February 1998 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The site demonstrates the growth of Maryborough from a small settlement to a large provincial town in the latter part of the nineteenth century and through the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The Maryborough Hospital is exceptional and rare in demonstrating the development of hospital sites in Queensland from the nineteenth century through the twentieth century. The site retains buildings from all periods of its development and many of these buildings are substantially intact.</p><br>
<p>Centre block, C Block and the 1887 medical superintendent&#39;s residence are rare surviving hospital buildings from the nineteenth century. C Block is a rare surviving example of a pavilion planned ward in Queensland, an extensive number of such hospital wards were constructed but few have survived twentieth century development.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The site is important for its potential to reveal further information about the planning and development of hospitals dating from the nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Maryborough Hospital demonstrates the principal characteristics of a Queensland hospital, on a large site on elevated ground away from the town centre. Individual buildings on the site are also able to demonstrate characteristics of hospital buildings, including nineteenth century pavilion ward planning; nurses quarters from the late 1920s and the late 1930s; maternity ward from 1928, several hospital residences and quarters; an ambulance station and morgue.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The site has aesthetic significance as a prominent Maryborough landmark. Individual buildings on the site have architectural merit as well composed buildings with significant streetscape and landmark qualities, including the remnants of the nineteenth century buildings, the two nurses quarters, ambulance station, former 1929 maternity hospital, single storeyed residence on the corner of Yaralla and Walker Streets and two storeyed residence on Walker Street. Other elements on the site contribute to aesthetic and historical significance of the site including the morgue, duplex on Yaralla Street, dining room, established trees and bed plantings and the bus shelter.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The site is important to the Maryborough community as their principal site of public health care for about 110 years.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The site is associated with many early prominent Maryborough citizens who were instrumental in establishing the site and with architects John James Clark and POE Hawkes who designed many of the buildings.</p><br>
<p>Herschell–Spillman Motor Company Complex, also known as the Remington Rand, Inc. Complex, is a historic daylight factory complex located at North Tonawanda, Niagara County, New York. The original section was built about 1895 as the powerhouse for the Buffalo and Niagara Falls Electric Railway. Later reinforced concrete and brick factory additions were made for the Herschell Spillman Company in about 1913, 1917, 1920, and 1920-1921. These include a four-story, section and additions made to earlier buildings to raise them to four stories and form an "L"-shaped complex. Also on the property is a five-story water tower. Herschell Spillman occupied the plant until it was sold to Remington Rand in 1925. Remington Rand continued operations at the factory until about 1965.</p><br>
<p>Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>and The buildings have been renovated into loft apartments.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Rockhampton Courthouse is a heritage-listed courthouse at 42 East Street, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by John Hitch and built from 1950 to 1955. It is also known as District Court, Queensland Government Savings Bank, Commonwealth Bank, Magistrate&#39;s Court, Police Court, and Supreme Court. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Rockhampton Courthouse complex comprises the Supreme Court building (Block D 1886-87), Magistrates Court building (Block B, former Police Court building 1934-36), District Court building (Block C, former Queensland Government Savings Bank and Commonwealth Bank, 1915–16 and 1932–33), Family Services building (Block F, former Labour Bureau 1934-36), and the Bolsover Street Government Office building (Block E 1950-55), which all form part of a significant group of buildings on the Government Reserve bounded by Fitzroy, East and Bolsover Streets, Rockhampton. The buildings all reflect the involvement of the Queensland Government in the development of the City of Rockhampton from the colonial period until the present day, in various areas such as the administration of justice, and the provision of government services within Rockhampton.</p><br>
<p>After the short lived Canoona gold rush of 1858, Rockhampton was proclaimed as a town and declared a "port of entry" in 1858. The first sale of town allotments was held in Rockhampton on 17 and 18 November 1858. In 1859 Queensland separated from New South Wales, and at this time Brisbane became the base of the Supreme Court of Queensland. The Supreme Court provided sittings for circuit towns that included Ipswich, Drayton and Maryborough.</p><br>
<p>Rockhampton became a circuit town for the Supreme Court in 1863. In 1859 residents had petitioned for the provision of a court house in the new town. A site for a court house had been reserved fronting onto Quay Street in 1859-60. However community agitation was responsible for the establishment of a more central reserve for a court house and lock up on five acres of land bounded by Bolsover, East and Fitzroy Streets. It was on this central reserve that the court houses of Rockhampton were to be built.</p><br>
<h3>Original Court House (Block A, demolished 1978)</h3><br>
<p>A court house was built in 1861-62 on the corner of East and Fitzroy Streets. The total cost of the building was £1,130. The architect was Charles Tiffin (1833–73), who also designed such notable buildings as Parliament House in Brisbane, the Old Courthouse in Ipswich, and Old Government House in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The completed two-storeyed building was constructed of masonry and had an L-shape plan. The building was described as being of arcaded Italianate style. Valances to both levels were constructed as timber framed segmental arches, and a single-storeyed court room was provided, with ancillary spaces. Stables and associated outbuildings were also provided.</p><br>
<p>Bowen had been made the home of the northern district Court in 1874. Rockhampton therefore had to be served by a judge on circuit from Brisbane. In 1881 a larger and more substantial Bowen Courthouse was erected, which caused anger amongst the citizens of Rockhampton, who felt that Rockhampton was deserving of the appointment of its own judge, and the establishment of a Supreme Court.</p><br>
<p>The first Rockhampton Court House served the community of Rockhampton until the 1880s. At this time the discovery of gold at Mount Morgan, in the Dee Range some forty kilometres from Rockhampton, transformed the town. A major building boom occurred in Rockhampton as the wealth of the mine was shipped through the river port. As the boom was to continue into the early part of the twentieth century, the wealth generated was to create other major forms of public buildings in Rockhampton. These included the Rockhampton Customs House, Rockhampton Post Office, and the 1887 Supreme Court building.</p><br>
<p>The Tiffin Court House was replaced with an even more imposing building for the Court in 1887. The Tiffin Court House continued to serve as a Court building and then administration office building until 1969, when new purpose built offices were provided for the State Government in East Street. The Tiffin Court House was demolished in 1978.</p><br>
<h3>Supreme Court Building (Block D, 1886-87)</h3><br>
<p>The booming economy of the Rockhampton region was to find an expression of its wealth in the public buildings constructed in the period of 1885-1910. An example of this is the Supreme Court building.</p><br>
<p>With the growth in population in Rockhampton and central Queensland, the Tiffin-designed court house was found to be inadequate to the demands being placed on it by the community. A petition had been put before the Minister for Works in October 1882, for a new Supreme Court house for Rockhampton. The Morning Bulletin, 4 October 1882 envisaged a "handsome capacious edifice in the northern part of the town... two storey&#39;s high, of Stanwell sandstone".</p><br>
<p>To accommodate the increased needs of the judiciary a replacement court house was under design in the period of 1884. The architect of the second Court building was John James Clark, (1838-1915). Clark had been born in Liverpool in England, and attended the Collegiate Institute in Liverpool, where he was trained in architectural drawing. In 1853 his family emigrated to Victoria during the gold rush era. Clark had begun his career as an architect with the Office of the Victorian Colonial Architect. In 1881 he moved to New South Wales where he designed the Town Halls for Orange and Waverley in Sydney.</p><br>
<p>In 1883 Clark was appointed Queensland Colonial Architect. His best known public building was the Brisbane Treasury Building designed in 1883. Clark was dismissed from the Office of Colonial Architect in 1885. During the period that he was Colonial Architect Clark was responsible for the design of several Court Houses in Queensland including Charters Towers Courthouse, Mackay Courthouse, and the Rockhampton Court House (1885–87).</p><br>
<p>He was also responsible for other notable public buildings throughout Queensland, such as the Yungaba Immigration Centre in Brisbane, Townsville Post Office and following his dismissal was responsible for the design of the Lady Norman Wing, Brisbane Children&#39;s Hospital, and the Townsville railway station.</p><br>
<p>The sketch design was heavily criticised by local members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, as well as by the Rockhampton Police Magistrate. Both criticised the new court house design as not allowing for a multiplying population of Rockhampton. The design was also criticised as not providing enough office space, and appearing to be designed more for a country court house than for a growing major centre of population. Revised drawings were prepared as a result of these complaints.</p><br>
<p>Initially the proposal had been made to locate the new court house building on the Rockhampton immigration depot, away from the reserve on East Street. Clarks design for the riverfront court house was to be basically unchanged when the new buildings location was changed to sit adjacent to the 1861-62 court house on the Government Reserve, away from Quay Street.</p><br>
<p>Pressure was brought to bear on the Minister for Works to relocate the court house to the centre of Rockhampton from various groups, including the Chamber of Commerce. It was felt by such groups that the new court house should stand at a site close to the centre of town, and therefore help to improve the appearance of the town centre. The result of such pressure saw the court house located to its present place, in the centre of the reserve for government buildings.</p><br>
<p>Tenders were called for the construction of the new court house on 8 October 1885. Thomas Matthews was awarded the contract, for a total of £12,533. The tender documents also called for an alternate price should the whole external fabric of the building be constructed in stone. The option was not taken up. The tender was approved on 11 December 1885.</p><br>
<p>Construction took eighteen months. The 1887 Annual Report of the Department of Public Works announced:Completed, under contract with T. Matthews, for the sum of exclusive of furnishings, of &pound;12,533. This building is two storeys in height, built of brick, cemented, the front being of freestone. On the first floor is provided the court, with judges, jury, witness, and other rooms. In the basement is provided strong room, prisoners cell, and general offices for the transaction of Court business.The Court House was further described in the Brisbane Courier of January 1893 as being a "gloomy, sombre looking" building.</p><br>
<p>The first half yearly sitting of the Circuit Court was held in September 1887, but there was no official dedication ceremony. This was a further slight to the residents of Rockhampton, who were now advocating for the appointment of a Supreme Court Judge. The new Court House was still to be served from Brisbane. A second judge was appointed to the northern district in 1889, however the home of the Northern Court was relocated at that time from Bowen to Townsville.</p><br>
<p>The Rockhampton Courthouse became the focus of both state and national attention in May 1891, as a result of the shearer&#39;s strike of February–March of that year. Early in 1891 the central Queensland towns of Barcaldine, Clermont, Winton and Springsure had been the centre points of the strike, which had arisen over the signing of agreements between pastoralists and members of unions representing the interests of bush workers. Police, volunteer members of the Queensland armed forces and Special Constables had been despatched from Rockhampton, Brisbane and other centres to the central Queensland pastoral districts. Shearers formed themselves into large camps, at Capella, Clermont and Barcaldine.</p><br>
<p>The government pressed for a judicial solution to the strike and proceeded to arrest strike leaders in March 1891. Most of those arrested were acquitted; however fourteen shearers alleged to have been strike leaders, were charged with conspiracy. The conspiracy trial was held in the Rockhampton Court House in May 1891. Twelve were found guilty and sentenced to three years prison.</p><br>
<p>Unable to succeed through direct strike action, the labour movement was to seek social reform and change through political methods, the result of which was the formation of the Australian Labor Party. The party began contesting parliamentary seats in 1893.</p><br>
<p>The Court House was finally elevated to the status of having a resident Supreme Court judge in 1896. This was a result of the passing of The Supreme Court Act of 1895. Five Supreme Court judges were appointed, three in Brisbane and one each in Rockhampton and Townsville. The Central Supreme Court was established in January 1896. The Police Magistrates Court was forced to relocate back to the Tiffin-designed court house. It was not until 1935 that a purpose building was to be provided for the Police Court.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building was carpeted in 1896. In 1908 a new strong room was provided on the ground floor of the building, which lead to the removal of a staircase. A wall was also removed in the titles and stamps office to open up the existing office space, and a new counter was provided for dealing with the public.</p><br>
<p>Further alterations were made to the building in 1922, with the removal of a brick wall in what had been the Clerk Petty Sessions General Office. Concrete steps were provided on to a verandah on the northern side of the building. Other partitions were removed to open out space, and windows were installed.</p><br>
<p>Other alterations were made to the building in 1933 in association with the provision of sewering the entire site, and the construction of the adjacent toilet block. A toilet, bath and wash basins were provided on the upper storey for the Judge&#39;s room, and the jury room.</p><br>
<p>The Supreme Court building at the present time contains the Supreme Court, Supreme/District Court Registry, Legal Library, and associated ancillary services for the staff and general public.</p><br>
<p>Since the Central Supreme Court was inaugurated in 1896, it has remained the only Supreme Court in residence in Queensland in its original setting and building. The Brisbane Supreme Court building, designed by FDG Stanley in 1879, burnt down in 1968. The Northern Supreme Court in Townsville, relocated from Bowen in 1889, moved into an adapted School of Arts, and was provided with a purpose built Court House in 1975. The Rockhampton Court House is the only one to maintain its connection with its place of inauguration. Although designed as a Court House for the Brisbane Circuit, it was intended for it to be the home of a Supreme Court.</p><br>
<h3>District Court (Block C, 1915-16, 1932-33)</h3><br>
<p>A Rockhampton branch of the Queensland Queensland Government Savings Bank was first proposed in 1914. Tenders for the erection of a new building to be built on the government reserve closed on 28 June 1914. In 1915 construction began on the new Queensland Government Savings Bank. £2,685 was allocated by the State Government for the construction of the Savings Bank. The design of the Queensland Government Savings Bank was supervised by Alfred Barton Brady and Thomas Pye of the Works Department. AB Brady and Thomas Pye were also responsible for overseeing other notable buildings in Rockhampton, including the Customs House.</p><br>
<p>The completion date was expected to be 1916. The building of the Queensland Government Savings Bank was the first major construction work undertaken on the Government Reserve since the erection of the Supreme Court building in 1885-7. The bank building was to be one of the few purpose built Queensland Government Savings Bank buildings in Queensland. Other Government Savings Banks were also built in Brisbane and Toowoomba. The Brisbane Office, constructed on the corner of George and Elizabeth Streets, was completed in the period of 1914-22. It survives at the present time as the Family Services Building.</p><br>
<p>The construction of the Queensland Government Savings Bank was a result of the initiative of the Ted Theodore Government. State enterprises were to be an important element of the social and political platforms of the Labor Party. This included intervention in the economy, especially through the provision of a wide range of products to allow for lower prices for goods and services.</p><br>
<p>The Queensland Government Savings Bank had been formed in 1916 with the amalgamation of the Government Savings Bank, Agricultural Bank and the Workers Dwelling Board under The Queensland Government Savings Bank Act 1916. The new bank would compete in the economy utilising the same market approach as the private banks.</p><br>
<p>The Queensland Government Savings Bank functioned as a separate financial identity until 1920, when the businesses and assets of the State Bank were transferred over to the Commonwealth Bank. Under this transfer to Commonwealth control, the state was to be able to borrow larger funds from the Commonwealth body.</p><br>
<p>The Commonwealth Bank took possession of the building in 1920, relocating from the previous rented premises at 74 East Street in Rockhampton. In the 1930s there was a demand for enlarged and improved accommodation for the Commonwealth Bank in Rockhampton. The building was considerably enlarged in the 1932-33 period. The expansion of the Commonwealth Bank building added new facades to the exterior.</p><br>
<p>An air-conditioning plant room was added in 1975. The building continued as a banking establishment until 1986 when it was purchased by the State Government, to alleviate overcrowding. The building was converted to house the District Court and associated staff, and general facilities for the use of the public and staff members of the Court.</p><br>
<h3>Magistrate's Court (Block B 1934-36)</h3><br>
<p>With the enlarging and extending of the former Queensland Government Savings Bank being completed, an additional Court building was constructed by the Queensland Government. The new Police Court building design was part of a projected townscape of buildings on the Government Reserve, to complement the design of the Commonwealth Bank building. The Police Court building was also built in response to the impact of the depression on the local community.</p><br>
<p>The construction of the building was viewed as one of three possible projects to alleviate the unemployment problem in Rockhampton, decided on by a committee consisting of the ALP, Unions, and unemployed workers. A deputation from the committee to the Attorney General led to the approval being given for construction of the building in late 1933. The local Labor member for Rockhampton, James Larcombe, MLA, was an ardent supporter of the initiative.</p><br>
<p>The facade of the new Court was designed specifically to complement the Commonwealth Bank building. Construction of the building was begun in 1934 and completed in 1936. The Annual Report for the Department of Public Works, 1934 gave the following description:This building, which will be of concrete and brick construction with cement finish externally and tile roof, will provide accommodation for the Police Court and officials connected therewith. The main facade, facing East street, is designed with portico to match the neighbouring building of the Commonwealth Bank, and together with the Supreme Court, should complete a pleasing architectural group... accommodation will be provided for the Clerk of Petty Sessions and his staff, together with strong rooms, and also the Police Magistrate.... In rear approached from entrance drive to the Supreme Court, will be situated the new court room... with verandahs on either side and at rear, and with rooms for solicitors and witnesses... Altogether, the building when completed, should be an asset to the already long list of handsome buildings erected in this city.Estimated cost of construction was to be £7,825. The colour for the Police Court building was also chosen so as to blend in with the Commonwealth Bank. At the same time new police buildings and courthouses were being erected in Mackay, Dalby and Toowoomba. The Police Court was accommodated in this building until being altered to its present arrangement as a Magistrate&#39;s Court in 1991.</p><br>
<h3>Family Services' Building (Block F 1934-36)</h3><br>
<p>The present Family Services&#39; building was constructed as part of the project to provide employment in Queensland through the capital works building programme of the Forgan-Smith government.</p><br>
<p>The Department of Public Works described the new building as being part of a continuing development of the Supreme Court site designed and constructed in sympathy with the neighbouring Commonwealth Bank building:This building, of brick and concrete construction, with tile roof, will replace the existing wood and brick structure, and provide central accommodation for officials of the Department of Labour and Industry. Architecturally, it is treated in a similar manner to the Police Court now under construction in East street. The building will accommodate Labour Agent, General Office, Clerks, Female Labour Agent, Travelling inspector, and will have necessary lavatory accommodation.Estimated cost of construction was to be £4,584. Work began in 1934 and was completed in 1936. The Labour Bureau was constructed to be one of two buildings designed to front onto Bolsover Street. The design was by the Queensland Department of Public Works under the control of Andrew Baxter Leven (1885-1966). Leven at this period was Chief Architect and Quantity Surveyor for the Department of Works, a position he held from 1933 until 1951.</p><br>
<p>The Labour Bureau building was sited so as to provide a court related to the rear facade of the Supreme Court building. The second building, intended to complement the Labour Bureau building was not constructed. Additional offices for the Bureau were to be eventually included in the Bolsover Street Government Offices. All of the public buildings on the Supreme Court site were further modernised with the installation of a sewerage system in 1933.</p><br>
<h3>Bolsover Street Government Office Building (Block E 1950-55)</h3><br>
<p>Construction of the Bolsover Street Government Office building was necessitated by the increased accommodation requirements of various Government Departments in Rockhampton after the Second World War, partly as a result of a policy of decentralisation. Previously, accommodation was supplied by a two storeyed former fire station on the Government Reserve. However, it was felt that this accommodation was not appropriate or in keeping with the remainder of public buildings on the Supreme Court site.</p><br>
<p>Shortages of building materials, as well as architects and technical officers to design and supervise building works, were experienced in the post-war years. The Bolsover Street Government Office building was designed in 1949 by English architect Harold John Hitch (known as John Hitch), and the building was constructed from 1950-55.</p><br>
<p>After working with well known firms in the United Kingdom and service with the R.A.F. John Hitch (b. 26 June 1915), and his Danish wife, emigrated to Australia to take up a position with the Architectural Branch of the Queensland Public Works Department in Brisbane on 6 February 1948. Hitch had qualified in London in 1938, and after the war in 1946 had spent approximately 12 weeks in Denmark and Sweden, and had seen some of what he considered the best pre-war Scandinavian architecture which would have a strong influence on his architectural aesthetic and design philosophy. John Hitch was one of approximately six British architects, appointed by the Queensland Government for a 3-year contract, who arrived with their families during 1947-48. The Queensland Government paid for passage and relocation costs, and initially accommodation was provided at the Yungaba Immigration Depot, Kangaroo Point. Several of these architects broke their contracts and moved interstate or back to the United Kingdom due to dissatisfaction with their conditions of professional appointment, and living and climatic conditions.</p><br>
<p>In March 1950 Hitch was promoted to Designing Architect Division 1, a position he held until he resigned in April 1951 after completing his three-year contract to set up practice with Theo Thynne. In 1954 Hitch established an independent practice, and was commissioned to design a new Court House for Bundaberg, constructed 1956-57, which was described in 1957 Annual Report of the Department of Public Works as:A stone building which captures the quality, dignity and prestige expected in a court-house building and yet remains essentially a product of the present day.Hitch was also appointed to the staff of the Architecture School of the University of Queensland as a part-time lecturer in c.1949. At this time, the school was located adjacent to Parliament House in George Street, Brisbane, and classes were held in the evenings and comprised University and Technical College students. Eventually the school separated with its move to the St Lucia campus in May 1956. Hitch had also lectured on the influence of Scandinavian design on British architecture to members of the R.A.I.A. Brisbane Chapter.</p><br>
<p>In 1956 Hitch entered private practice with Ian Sinnamon, working on a variety of civic and commercial buildings. He also played a prominent role within the Queensland Chapter of the R.A.I.A. until he moved to Melbourne in 1958, where remained for the rest of his career. As a member of the publications committee of the Queensland Chapter of the R.A.I.A., Hitch was involved in the publication of Buildings of Queensland, published by Jacaranda Press in 1959 as a centennial record of architecture in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Hitch was also responsible for the design and construction of a demountable travelling exhibition which displayed the activities of the Public Works Department, conceived as a bold public relations exercise. It was first displayed at the Royal National Show, and was later transported by rail to regional centres. Other exhibitions designed by Hitch include three Queensland Industries Fairs from 1949, the 1952 R.A.I.A. Convention in Brisbane City Hall, and the Architecture in Australia exhibition at the Royal Institute of British Architects, Portland Place, London from 28 February to 24 March 1956.</p><br>
<p>For the Bolsover Street site, John Hitch obtained through chief engineer Mr Kindler site survey information including flood level projections used for the construction of the nearby Fitzroy River Bridge. Hitch designed three schemes for submission to the Queensland Cabinet, the first being a ten-storey tower fronting Fitzroy Street, the second being two four to five storey blocks facing East and Bolsover Streets, and the third being a three-storey U-shaped development fronting the three streets. The first and third schemes emphasised the Queensland Government presence on the approach to the new Fitzroy River Bridge. Cabinet opted for the larger site coverage of the third smaller scaled alternative, and approval was given to proceed with one wing to the Bolsover Street frontage. A model of the U-shaped development was constructed, which John Hitch believes was the first architectural model in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The office block replaced an earlier scheme for a second stage of building intended for the Labour Bureau. The first stage had been the adjacent 1934-36 Labour Bureau building. The Government Office building was constructed as the first wing of a proposed U-shaped building, with frontages to Bolsover, Fitzroy and East Streets, which would have established a courtyard around the Supreme Court house while maintaining the axial vistas to Bolsover and East Streets.</p><br>
<p>In 1950 work commenced on the three storeyed building, which was constructed of reinforced concrete with brick and stone facings. Estimated cost of the building was to be £175,000. Due to site conditions, reinforced concrete piers were driven to the basalt bed, and reinforced concrete perimeter beams were laid and detailed to read as a plinth to the building. The architect was not able to supervise the works, and the concrete perimeter beam was incorrectly stopped horizontally between pours. The Government policy of using direct labour on its building projects was handled entirely by the Construction Branch and on-site visits by architects were rare and were discouraged. As a result of the faulty concrete pour, Hitch was directed to the site to arrange for the faulty work to be removed and the concrete repoured.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed with a curtain wall of metal framed glazing with stone spandrel panels divided by regularly spaced vertical concrete aggregate fins framed by brickwork to the main street frontage. The aggregate fins were designed to have horizontal metal sunhoods which were not installed.</p><br>
<p>Satisfactory progress on the work was reported in the period 1951-53. It was anticipated that the building would be in partial occupation from the beginning of 1954, and the entire project completed by the middle of 1954. In its 1955 Annual Report, the Department of Public Works stated:Early in the year the new block of offices in Rockhampton was completed and relieved the accommodation problem in the city.When completed, the building was much admired by the architectural student community, providing a local example of the architectural aesthetic promoted by journals such as the Architectural Review. The building was one of the first substantial public buildings built by the Department after the Second World War, and demonstrated a radical change in design philosophy.</p><br>
<p>Internal refits were carried out in 1960, 1969, 1976 and 1984, but much of the original fabric remains intact. The remaining wings of the design were not completed. The Office building supplied the needs of the various Departments in Rockhampton until 1969 when new buildings were built away from the Government Reserve.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Rockhampton Courthouse complex, containing the Supreme Court, Magistrates Court, District Court, Family Services building and Government Office building, is located on a level site bound on three sides by East, Fitzroy and Bolsover Streets. The site is prominently located within the city centre at the entrance to the East Street mall, and adjacent to the approach to the Fitzroy Bridge leading to North Rockhampton. The Magistrates Court, District Court and Family Services building have been designed in a similar architectural style.</p><br>
<h3>Supreme Court</h3><br>
<p>The Supreme Court building is a two-storeyed rendered masonry structure with a sandstone northeastern entrance facade. The building has a T-shaped plan with a corrugated iron gable roof to the front section, containing the main Court room, and a hipped roof to the rear section. The building is located towards the centre of the site, and is surrounded by the Magistrates Court to the northeast, the District Court to the east, the Family Services building to the southwest, and the Government Office building to the west. To the north of the building is the site for a proposed new Court facility.</p><br>
<p>The building is approached from the northeast via a wide pathway through an avenue of Royal Palms (Roystonea regia) between the Magistrates Court and District Court buildings. Gates are located at the East Street entrance, which consist of four large gate posts with wrought iron central gates and an open walkway either side. A curved wrought iron palisade on a sandstone base connects the outermost gate pillars with the adjacent Magistrates Court and District Court buildings.</p><br>
<p>The northeast entrance elevation is faced with ashlar sandstone, and has a central prostyle portico to the first floor, the base of which forms the ground floor entrance. The portico has four Ionic columns, which are flanked by square columns at either side, supporting an entablature and pediment finished with dentils. Three tall sash windows, centred between the columns, are framed with pilasters, pedestal and entablature, and each is surmounted by a circular window framed with relief carving. The ground floor, forming the base to the portico, has banded rustication with a central doorway framed with a sandstone entrance canopy. The entrance is flanked by paired sash windows. The prostyle portico is flanked by lower corner sections which have a centrally located arched sash window to the first floor and a paired timber door to the ground floor. A shallow skillion roof is concealed behind a parapet which surmounts a deep cornice.</p><br>
<p>The rear section of the front wing, which contains the main Court room, has two-storeyed enclosed arcades on either side. The ground floor has arched openings, and the first floor has taller openings framed with pilasters supporting a deep cornice, infilled with metal framed window units and rendered masonry.</p><br>
<p>The rear wing, finished in scribed render to imitate ashlar, has sash windows with hoods consisting of cast iron brackets and corrugated iron awnings, and a central recessed two-storeyed verandah on the southwest. The verandah has cast iron columns and brackets, with a timber lattice valance, to the ground floor, and cast iron columns and balustrade, with louvred timber screens above the handrail, to the first floor. French doors open onto the first floor verandah, and the ground floor has panelled timber doors with fanlights, and sash windows. The northwest end of the rear wing has an enclosed ground floor verandah with fibrous cement cladding, casement windows and a curved corrugated iron awning.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the ground floor contains a central corridor with Supreme Court Registry offices on the northern side, and Civil Court offices on the southern side. A staircase was originally located at either end of the northeast elevation, however only the northern stair is extant. The Supreme Court library is located at the northwest end of the rear wing, and witness rooms, staircase and strong rooms are located at the southwest end. Internal load-bearing walls are rendered masonry, partition walls are lath and plaster, and ceilings are boarded. The building has cedar joinery, including architraves, skirtings, panelled doors with fanlights, and staircases with turned balustrades.</p><br>
<p>The first floor contains the Supreme Court Room with an enclosed arcade either side. Witness rooms are located at the northeast end, and the jury room, court reporter, barristers and judges chambers are located at the southwest end. The court room has tall arched windows opening to the enclosed arcades either side, with expressed extrados and imposts. The side walls have timber panelling to window sill height, and the rear of the court room has a timber panelled wall which extends to form a balustrade to a mezzanine gallery which overlooks the court. The non-original ceiling is constructed of suspended acoustic tiles with a lower bulkhead over the raised judges bench, which is flanked by an arched vestibule to either side. The court room has cedar joinery, including judges bench, witness box, jury stand, and press gallery, as well as public barriers, panelled doors with fanlights, architraves and wall panelling. The remaining rooms have similar finishes to the ground floor, and the rear rooms which open onto the verandah have timber fireplace surrounds and French doors.</p><br>
<h3>Magistrate's Court</h3><br>
<p>The Magistrate&#39;s Court, a single-storeyed rendered masonry structure, scribed to imitate ashlar, is located towards the northeast area of the site fronting East Street, and is surrounded by the Supreme Court to the southwest and the District Court to the southeast. The building has a tiled hipped roof to the central section, with parapeted elevations at the front and rear. The hipped roof has a cupola, consisting of a dome supported by a ring of columns on a polygonal base with a central ridge ventilator, and skillion roofed dormer windows projecting to the southeast, northeast and northwest.</p><br>
<p>The building, designed with Art Deco detailing, has a symmetrical East Street elevation with a recessed central portico surmounted by a high parapet and flanked by lower wings to either side. The portico is framed by a stylised relief entablature with central motif and paired pilasters to either side, with two square columns located centrally. The portico has central paired timber panelled doors flanked by multi- paned windows, which are surmounted by high-level multi-paned glazing. The side wings also have a central multi-paned window surmounted by high level multi-paned glazing, and the parapets are capped by stylised details.</p><br>
<p>The facade treatment of the side wings returns mid-way along the side elevations, with regularly spaced multi-paned casement windows with high level multi-paned glazing. The rear section of the side wings have recessed enclosed verandahs with stylised square columns. The verandahs have central paired timber panelled doors with stylised rendered architraves, flanked by large multi-paned sash windows and surmounted by high level multi-paned glazing. The northwest elevation has a lattice enclosed skillion roofed extension to the enclosed verandah.</p><br>
<p>The rear elevation has central paired timber doors, flanked by regularly spaced multi-paned windows surmounted by high level multi- paned glazing. The eaves protrude through the central section of the parapet, which is capped by stylised details and returns along the side elevations to abut the recessed verandahs.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the building has been recently refitted, and has rendered masonry walls and suspended ceilings. The building contains two court rooms, the first of which fronts the entrance portico and the second, where the original court room was located, is accessed via the enclosed side verandahs. The side wings contain offices and service rooms, and the rear section has interview and service rooms. Much of the original detailing survives, including architraves, skirtings and window sills.</p><br>
<h3>District Court</h3><br>
<p>The District Court, a single-storeyed rendered masonry structure, is located towards the eastern corner of the site fronting East Street, and is surrounded by the Supreme Court to the west and the Magistrate&#39;s Court to the northeast. The building has a tiled hipped roof to the central section, with parapeted elevations at the front and to both sides. The hipped roof has a cupola, consisting of a dome supported by a ring of columns on a polygonal base with a central ridge ventilator.</p><br>
<p>The building, designed with Art Deco detailing, has a symmetrical East Street elevation similar to the adjacent Magistrate&#39;s Court which consists of a recessed central portico surmounted by a high parapet and flanked by lower wings to either side. The portico is framed by a stylised relief entablature with central motif and paired pilasters to either side, with two square columns located centrally. The portico has central, non-original paired aluminium framed glass doors flanked by aluminium framed windows, which are surmounted by high-level glazing. The side wings also have a central aluminium framed window surmounted by high level glazing, and the parapets are capped by stylised details.</p><br>
<p>The parapet detailing continues along the side elevations which have regularly spaced non-original aluminium framed windows, surmounted by high level glazing units which have been closed over. The rear elevation has a central recessed verandah with skillion awning.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the building has been altered quite substantially, with partition walls creating a central court room surrounded by offices and meeting rooms, with service rooms at the rear. Surviving sections of original walls are rendered masonry, and ceilings are suspended. The entrance foyer has some surviving expressed mouldings including pilasters and cornices.</p><br>
<h3>Family Services' Building</h3><br>
<p>The Family Services&#39; building, a single-storeyed rendered masonry structure, scribed to imitate ashlar, is located towards the southern corner of the site fronting Bolsover Street, and is surrounded by the Supreme Court to the northeast and the Government Office building to the northwest. The building has a tiled hipped roof with a parapeted elevation fronting Bolsover Street. The roof has a central cupola, consisting of a dome supported by a ring of columns on a polygonal base with a central ridge ventilator.</p><br>
<p>The building, designed with Art Deco detailing, has a symmetrical Bolsover Street elevation with a recessed central portico surmounted by a high parapet and flanked by lower recessed wings to either side. The portico is framed by a stylised relief entablature, with paired pilasters to either side and two square columns located centrally, and flanked by a tall multi-paned sash window with expressed architraves and sill to either side. The portico has three sets of paired timber panelled doors with glass inserts surmounted by high-level glazing with expressed architrave details. The side wings each have a separate recessed entrance, with the northwest entrance forming the principal entrance to the building with a disabled access ramp.</p><br>
<p>The side elevations have regularly spaced, tall multi-paned sash windows with expressed architraves and sills. The rear elevation has a central recessed verandah with tiled skillion awning flanked by projecting side wings. The side wings have two tall multi-paned sash windows with expressed architraves and sills, the verandah is enclosed with aluminium framed glazing, and high level glazing is located above the awning.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the building has been altered quite substantially, with partition walls forming a series of offices, a security reception area, and store rooms. Original walls are rendered masonry, and most ceilings are suspended. An original section of panelled ceiling is located in the toilets in the rear of the building. Original details include architraves, skirtings and some timber panelled doors.</p><br>
<h3>Government Office Building</h3><br>
<p>The Government Office building is located towards the western corner of the site fronting Bolsover and Fitzroy Streets, and is surrounded by the Supreme Court to the east and the Family Services&#39; building to the southeast. The building has an L-shaped plan, with a three- storeyed wing fronting Bolsover Street, and a four-storeyed corner section fronting Fitzroy Street.</p><br>
<p>The building has a reinforced concrete frame with brick facing. The Bolsover Street elevation has a curtain wall of metal framed glazing, with polished granite spandrel panels with sandstone sills to the ground floor, which is divided by regularly spaced vertical concrete aggregate fins and which is framed by brickwork. The southern end of the Bolsover Street elevation has brickwork to the upper two floors surmounting the principal entrance, which comprises a recessed metal framed glass door with cantilevered awning accessed via an L-shaped granite stair and landing with metal balustrade. The southern end also has a narrow penthouse plantroom which is recessed from the exterior of the building, with rendered walls, and a curved roof facing Bolsover Street with a series of recessed circular details. The northern end of the elevation has a four-storeyed brickwork facade with three windows to each of the first three floors. The fourth floor partly extends above the curtain wall glazing, with a large recessed window unit and spandrel panel. A low parapet wall with sculptural copper spitters conceals a shallow pitched roof with sculptural copper ridge ventilators.</p><br>
<p>The rear of the building, facing the northeast, is treated in a similar architectural manner to the Bolsover Street elevation. The southeast elevation has a brickwork facade with three recessed panels to each floor containing metal framed glazing with spandrel panels, with the ground floor having a concrete surround with sandstone faced vertical dividing panels. A recessed vertical glazing strip is located adjacent to the recessed panels, and contains metal framed glazing and spandrel panels lighting an internal staircase. An entrance is located at the ground level, with a concrete awning with copper spitter, and a cantilevered balcony with a flag pole, surmounted by a lightning conductor, and metal balustrading is located above and opens off the penthouse plantroom. The penthouse plantroom has glazing to the southeast.</p><br>
<p>The northwest elevation, fronting Fitzroy Street, has a brickwork facade with regularly spaced window units to the first three floors. The fourth floor has a long recessed panel containing metal framed glazing and spandrel panels. A recessed three-storeyed section, located on the northeast side of this elevation, has metal framed glazing and spandrel panels lighting an internal staircase. This section was intended to form the linkage to a proposed wing facing Fitzroy Street which was not constructed, and its end facade has reinforced concrete framing and brick infill. The roof of the corner section has a metal balustrade and houses a large satellite dish and plant.</p><br>
<p>The building has a raised plinth, with raised brick gardens with sandstone cappings located to both the Bolsover and Fitzroy Street elevations.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the building has an entrance foyer with terrazzo floor at the southeast. The foyer has planter boxes to the southeast windows with polished granite facings and cappings, and marble cladding to the window reveals. The foyer is split-level, with steps leading to a raised lift foyer, with a central lift around which a terrazzo stair is located. The lift core has circular openings with metal grilles, giving a port-hole effect, and each floor has a terrazzo finished lift foyer. The penthouse plantroom is accessed via a narrow timber stair from the lift foyer below. The Bolsover Street wing is planned to have a central corridor, which is delineated by a row of columns to either side, with partitions dividing the office space. The central corridor has a lower ceiling housing a ventilation system with registers to the adjacent office space. Sections of the original partitioning system survive, with tracks for the location of partitions evident in the ceilings and walls. Toilets, stores and service rooms are located at the northwest end of the building, and have terrazzo floors and ceramic tiled walls. A second terrazzo dog-leg stair is located fronting Fitzroy Street at the northern corner of the building, with an entrance foyer with terrazzo floor. This stair has a sculptural balustrade consisting of tapered metal vertical members, shaped timber handrail, and solid vertical panels.</p><br>
<h3>Grounds</h3><br>
<p>The grounds contain a toilet block to the southeast of the Supreme Court. This structure has rendered masonry walls to door head height, with timber slats above to the underside of the corrugated iron hipped roof with central clerestory. The toilets have a central pedimented porch, which has been infilled with rendered masonry and glass louvres. The toilets are entered from either side by a timber door with upper lattice panel. Internally, the structure has a boarded timber ceiling, and timber framed partitions with timber doors which have upper glass panels.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Rockhampton Courthouse complex was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>It is significant for demonstrating the development of Rockhampton and the Government Reserve since 1861, and the provision of state government services in the City of Rockhampton and the region of central Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The Supreme Court building is important in demonstrating the evolution of the judicial system in Queensland through the growth of the Circuit Court, for its association with the establishment of the Supreme Court in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The building is also a visible expression of the wealth generated by the economic boom during the 1880s as a result of the discovery of gold at Mount Morgan.</p><br>
<p>The Magistrates Court, District Court, and Family Services buildings reflect the involvement of the Queensland Government in the development of Rockhampton, from 1915 until the present day, in various areas such as the administration of justice, and the provision of government services within Rockhampton.</p><br>
<p>The buildings are significant for demonstrating the involvement of the Queensland Government, in the period of 1915-36, in providing court and administrative services to the Rockhampton community, and in the intervention of the economy through the provision of Government financial institutions. The Magistrates Court and Family Services building are associated with a construction programme, undertaken by the Queensland Government during the depression era, designed to generate work to alleviate unemployment.</p><br>
<p>The Government Office building is significant in demonstrating the post-war development of Rockhampton, particularly through the provision of governmental services and the introduction of multi-storeyed office accommodation.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The Supreme Court building is important as the only surviving nineteenth century Court House that has served the Supreme Court continuously since 1896.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The complex is also an important example of urban design, comprising a series of buildings dating from the 1880s to the 1950s which have been designed in a coordinated manner intended to enhance the civic centre of Rockhampton.</p><br>
<p>The building is one of only three surviving courthouses designed by him in Queensland, and is important in demonstrating the planning of a nineteenth century Supreme Court house.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Supreme Court building is of considerable architectural merit, and the form and fabric of the building illustrate a skilled design approach. The building, together with the surrounding structures, makes a significant aesthetic contribution to the local streetscape and Rockhampton townscape. The building is an important component of the civic centre of Rockhampton, and demonstrates the grand vision that the community held for Rockhampton as a future northern Capital during the late nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>The buildings and grounds have considerable aesthetic significance which, designed as pavilion structures surrounding the Supreme Court building, demonstrate a coordinated design approach intended to enhance the civic centre of Rockhampton. The buildings, together with the Supreme Court, make a significant aesthetic contribution to the local streetscape and Rockhampton townscape, and are an important component of the civic centre of Rockhampton.</p><br>
<p>The structure&#39;s form, fabric and materials illustrate a skilled design approach, and the building makes an important aesthetic contribution to the local streetscape and Rockhampton townscape. The building is an important component of the civic centre of Rockhampton.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The complex has a special association with the Rockhampton community, containing some of the city&#39;s principal public buildings.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Supreme Court building is significant as an example of the work of eminent architect John James Clark, Colonial Architect from 1883-85.</p><br>
<p>The Supreme Court building is also significant for its association with the shearer&#39;s strike conspiracy trial of 1891, and the Labor Party that was to subsequently evolve as a result of the trial.</p><br>
<p>The Government Office building is significant as an example of the work of John Hitch, a post-war immigrant architect employed by the Department of Public Works, who made an important contribution to the post-war development of architecture in Queensland. The building is of considerable architectural significance, and when constructed was much admired by the architectural student community, providing a local example of the architectural aesthetic promoted by leading journals. The building was one of the first substantial public buildings built by the Department after the Second World War, and demonstrated a radical change in design philosophy.</p><br>
<p>Maryborough City Hall is a heritage-listed town hall at 388 Kent Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Hall & Dods and built from 1906 to 1908 by Crystall & Armstrong. It is also known as Maryborough Town Hall. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Replacing a smaller timber building constructed on a different site, the Maryborough City Hall was built in 1908 as the second Maryborough Town Hall. The building was designed by renowned Queensland architectural partnership, Hall and Dods.</p><br>
<p>The original township of Maryborough was situated, not in its current place, but on the north of the Mary River, after wharves were established in 1847-1848, to provide transport for wool from sheep stations on the Burnett River. In 1852 the growing town was gradually transferred further north where ships were able to better navigate the river. Development followed and by March 1861, Maryborough was declared a municipality, the Borough of Maryborough, and Henry Palmer was appointed as the first Mayor. Meetings of the newly formed Council were held in various buildings until 1874 when a timber Town Hall was constructed, adjacent to the School of Arts in Kent Street. A Deed of Grant had been issued for the land in 1868 but construction of the building did not occur for several years. During the late 1860s and 1870s Maryborough developed rapidly as the port for the nearby gold rushes in the Gympie area. The new town hall, which was erected for about £400 was opened in 1876.</p><br>
<p>Dissatisfaction with the first town hall was voiced in the local press for many years, and attempts were made at various stages throughout the nineteenth century to replace the timber Town Hall with a masonry building reflecting the importance of Maryborough in regional Queensland. In 1884, the Maryborough Council sought permission from the Queensland Government to exchange the land on which the Town Hall was built with land on the opposite side of Kent street facing the Town Hall, then used as a police and justice reserve. Though this permission was given in 1901 the construction of a new town hall did not commence until the several years after.</p><br>
<p>Lack of funds at the Council delayed the construction of a new Town Hall and meetings and business continued in the early timber building until 1908 when the current Town Hall was opened. Funding for the Town Hall was not forthcoming from the Council, but from a local benefactor, Mr George Ambrose White who donated £10,000 for the sole purpose of constructing a new Town Hall. Although generous this gift was to be offset by an annual payment by the Council to Mr White of 5% of the amount. White previously donated money for the construction of a public swimming pool in Maryborough and therefore he was already well known in the local community.</p><br>
<p>In 1906, work began on the new site in Kent Street, removing the early police and justice buildings many of which survived from the initial development of Maryborough in the 1850s and 1860s. An inspector&#39;s residence, stockade and stables were removed to the new police site in Lennox Street where a police station designed by the Public Works Department was being constructed. As well many buildings were removed from the site and sold including a court house, disused since the construction of a new court house in Richmond Street in 1877, lock-up, cells and police quarters.</p><br>
<p>What remained was for the Council to procure the services of an architect to design their new Town Hall, to be a fitting symbol of Maryboroughs prominence. Initially it was thought that a competition to be assessed by Leslie Corrie, President of the Queensland Institute of Architects, along with Mr Alfred Barton Brady, the Queensland Government Architect and a member of the council, would discover the most suitable design for the Town Hall. However this plan was abandoned when the assessors fees and prize money was deemed to be too costly. Enquiries were made into which architects might be most suitable for the work and these pointed to the prominent Brisbane partnership of Francis Hall and Robin (Robert Smith) Dods. The Mayor travelled to Brisbane to interview Hall and Dods and they were commissioned to produce designs for the new Town Hall.</p><br>
<p>Hall and Dods formed in 1896 when Dods won a competition for the design of the nurses home at the Brisbane General Hospital. By 1906 the partnership was one of the premier architectural firms in Brisbane, achieving, in the words of local architect Arnold Edwin Brooks, "an architectural revolution in Brisbane" resulting largely from Dods architectural sophistication and innovation from his professional experience in Britain where he became well versed in both the aesthetics and philosophical background of both the Arts and Crafts movement and Edwardian Classicism. Hall and Dods&#39; projects was wide-ranging and included hospital, ecclesiastical, domestic and commercial work.</p><br>
<p>After preparing plans and specifications for the Maryborough Town Hall, Robin Dods was invited to a special meeting of the Maryborough Council to discuss the plans which were adopted in October 1906. The design for the town hall was a substantial brick building with steeply pitched gabled roof and four Tuscan Order columns defining the portico. The building reflected the Victorian ideal of municipal buildings strongly influenced by classicism, in this case stripped and manipulated with the sophistication characteristic of the work of Hall and Dods. The building was designed to house a 900-seat auditorium, council offices and a council chamber.</p><br>
<p>Tenders were called in December 1906 for the construction of the Town Hall, and that of local contractors, Crystall and Armstrong for £8976/13/5 was accepted and completion was to be within twelve months. A Clerk of Works, Mr Sayers from Sydney, was appointed to oversee the work. Among the other contractors were Fairlie and Sons who completed the timberwork including the internal joinery, G Horbourgh and Co who undertook the plumbing, Mr Fulsig the painting, and Messrs Walker the ironwork, including the rib and pan roof. Messrs Rolley and Pagett of Brisbane supplied the patented casement openers for the side casement windows. Local bricks from Meredith Brickworks were used on a foundation of cement blocks cast on site. The auditorium was supplied with 500 bentwood chairs from Finney Isles and Co, with older chairs and forms supplementing this seating.</p><br>
<p>After some delays the new Town Hall was opened by the leader of the Federal Labour Party, the Hon Andrew Fisher, MHR. The building was received with mixed reviews, the Maryborough community, as expressed in the local papers described the building as plain and with a quality of "red-brickiness" whereas the national architectural journal, Building, praised its "simplicity with dignity in a splendid fashion". The interior of the building was more universally appealing with well crafted internal moulding and joinery and well proportioned rooms. The final cost of the building was £9,000.</p><br>
<p>Soon after the opening, plans were made to alter the entrance stairs to a design of George Halibut and this saw outward sweeps added to the stair and plinths for lighting incorporated. The council also undertook landscaping work to improve the surrounds of the building. The next additions were made in 1918 when four honour rolls, made by Fairlie and Sons, were erected in the auditorium.</p><br>
<p>Substantial additions were made to the Town Hall in 1934 to the design of Brisbane City Council architect, Walter Kerrison who was on loan to the Maryborough City Council. These additions included the erection of a clock tower, the construction of a fly tower and the widening and lengthening of verandahs flanking the auditorium. In 1948 a single storeyed extension to the western side of the building was added to supplement office accommodation in the building. This was designed by Colin Tesch. A second storey was added to this section in 1978. The lettering above the entrance door, which on completion of the building in 1908 was "TOWN HALL" was changed to "CITY HALL" in 1964, although Maryborough was proclaimed a city much earlier in 1905. In 1971 other alterations were made to the entrance doors to the design of architect, Werner Hug.</p><br>
<p>The most recent alterations to the building occurred in 1990 when a serious fire substantially damaged the building interior. Restoration and reconstruction work was undertaken by Brisbane architect, Robert Riddel.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Maryborough City Hall is prominently located on the corner of Kent and Lennox Streets, in the central business district of Maryborough. The building is surrounded by grassed embankments to Kent Street and lawn areas and formal garden beds to Lennox Street.</p><br>
<p>The City Hall comprises a number of sections: the original building being two intersecting gabled wings, one wing forming the administration offices and principal entrance to the hall in a gabled sections running parallel to Kent Street, and centrally abutting the rear, south-western side of this another gabled section of the same height housing the auditorium. Joining this, to the south west again, a large stuccoed fly tower was added. More recently, a two storeyed administration block was added to the northern corner of the original building.</p><br>
<p>The original sections of the City Hall are constructed from face brickwork with white limed tuckpointing and regular bands of smooth faced stucco. The two storeyed Kent Street section is dominated by a large central pedimented portico supported on six two-storeyed Doric columns on the entablature above which is the lettering "CITY 1906 HALL". A triangular pediment above this is filled with brickwork and has a central oculus. Flanking the portico are a series of three square arched window openings, taller on the ground floor. The central, first floor, window on each side is lengthened to form a door and a small semi circular Juliet balcony surrounds this. These balconies are visually supported on large oversized keystones above the corresponding openings on the ground floor level.</p><br>
<p>Rising from the rib-and-pan roof of this section of the building, is a three storeyed stuccoed clock tower, with balustraded openings on the second floor and a four-faced clock in the section above. The tower is crowned with a complex domed roof, clad with zinc. Large triangular pediments are formed in the gabled ends of this section of the building, and these are defined by closely space and oversized eaves brackets and feature a central segmented semi-circular opening.</p><br>
<p>Internally this front section houses offices, meeting rooms, a large stair hall and entrance hall to the auditorium. The entrance hall provides access to the auditorium and other hallways through a series of double timber doors, some with arctic glazed panels and all surmounted by operable transom windows. A bifurcating concrete stair commences on the two sides of the entrance hall and meets at a landing above the entrance door, proceeding for another flight to the first floor level. At the first floor the stair hall has a painted pressed metal ceiling. Access is provided from the stair hall on this level to the Council Chamber and a large meeting room. As this area was subject to a damaging fire, much of the interior has been refitted, in the case of these rooms with a reconstruction of what was originally built. The Council Chamber has a barrel-vaulted plaster ceiling and is lined with timber wainscotting to about 2500mm.</p><br>
<p>The auditorium wing is constructed of similar brickwork, but without stuccoed banding. Externally the section is lined with a series of simple pilasters, and has square arched openings centrally placed between the pillars. Surmounting the ridge of the corrugated iron clad roof of this section is a number of simple ventilators. The interior of the auditorium has a raked timber floor toward the stage which is framed by a classically inspired proscenium archway; flanked by reeded Corinthian columns supported a gently curved entablature. The heavily coffered timber ceiling of the auditorium is barrel-vaulted centrally. A gallery at the north eastern, entrance end, has a curved floor plan and features early seating. Flanking the auditorium are semi-open verandah spaces, to which access is provided from the hall through double French doors. Attached to the wall of the auditorium, toward the stage end of the room are five Honour Boards, commemorating the citizens of Maryborough&#39;s involvement in the various wars.</p><br>
<p>To the south west of the auditorium is a large wing constructed as a fly tower behind the stage. This is a concrete structure, without openings, stuccoed with rough cast render. The surface of the section is broken by shallow pilasters, and high level semicircular openings within the shallow gables of the roof.</p><br>
<p>Attached to the northern corner of the City Hall, abutting the entrance section, is a more recent two storeyed brick and glass extension, with skillion roof, tuckpointed brickwork and a modern interior fitout.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Maryborough City Hall was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Maryborough City Hall, a large regional municipal building, demonstrates the growth of Maryborough in the early twentieth century, as the focal town of a large fertile agricultural area. This site, which was from the earliest Maryborough surveys, laid aside as public land, has historical and social importance as the long time municipal focal point of the town.</p><br>
<p>The Maryborough City Hall has associations with the early development of the Maryborough Council, with prominent citizen George Ambrose White, and with Brisbane architectural partnership, Hall and Dods.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The City Hall is a fine example of the work of prominent Queensland architectural partnership, Hall and Dods. The building is the only built municipal example of the work of Robin Dods. The building is characteristic of a regional town hall, with classically inspired design and fine craftsmanship, symbolising the prominence, stability and progressiveness of the town.</p><br>
<p>The building uses a variety of local timbers and is a fine example of local craftsmanship with fine plasterwork and joinery throughout the building.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building has aesthetic value as a well composed municipal structure, on a prominent site which is an integral part of the Maryborough townscape and the Kent Street streetscape.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>This site, which was from the earliest Maryborough surveys, laid aside as public land, has historical and social importance as the long time municipal focal point of the town.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Maryborough City Hall has associations with the early development of the Maryborough Council, with prominent citizen George Ambrose White, and with Brisbane architectural partnership, Hall and Dods.</p><br>
<p>Maryborough Heritage Centre is a heritage-listed former bank building at 164 Richmond Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by George Allen Mansfield and James Cowlishaw and built in 1877 for the Bank of New South Wales. It is also known as National Parks and Wildlife Service Headquarters, Post Master General&#39;s Department, and Telecom Building. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Maryborough Heritage Centre was built in 1877 as the second purpose-built branch of the Bank of New South Wales in Maryborough possibly to the design of Sydney architect, George Mansfield in conjunction with Queensland architect, James Cowlishaw.</p><br>
<p>The original township of Maryborough was situated, not in its current place, but on the north of the Mary River, after wharves were established in 1847-1848 providing transport for wool from sheep stations on the Burnett River. In 1850 Surveyor, Hugh Roland Labatt arrived in Maryborough with instructions to "examine the River Mary...to suggest...the best site or sites for the laying out of the town, having regard to the convenience of shipping on one hand and internal communication on the other...also...point out the spots desirable as reserves for public building, church, quay and for places for public recreation." The site recommended by Labatt was not where settlement was established but further east and from the early 1850s this is where the growing town developed.</p><br>
<p>With the development of Maryborough, banking was introduced and during the 1860s and 1870s when Maryborough flourished as the result of the discovery of gold in Gympie, many banking institutes established purpose-built premises from which they conducted business. Following close on the first discoveries of gold in 1867, the Bank of New South Wales established a branch in a portion of the Customs House Hotel at the corner of Wharf and Richmond Streets on 8 September 1868.</p><br>
<p>The Bank of New South Wales remained in this temporary accommodation during the construction of their first purpose-built branch being a single storeyed building another of the corners of Richmond and Wharf Streets. This building was designed by Joseph Backhouse, the brother of better known architect, Benjamin Backhouse.</p><br>
<p>As Maryborough expanded rapidly in the late 1860s and 1870s, a new, larger and more impressive branch of the Bank of New South Wales was planned in 1877. Tenders were called for this two storeyed rendered brick building on 26 January 1877 by bank manager, George Ranken. This suggests that the bank may have been designed by a southern architect. Other Banks of New South Wales constructed at this time include the Townsville Branch designed by James Cowlishaw (1883); and the South Brisbane branch, designed by Benjamin Backhouse and supervised by Alexander Brown Wilson (1884-1885). Many Queensland branches of the Bank of New South Wales were designed from the 1860s by Sydney architect, George Allan Mansfield who continued to design banks until early in the twentieth century. It is thought that the bank, which has a plan standard to many Banks of New South Wales may have been designed by Mansfield and supervised by James Cowlishaw.</p><br>
<p>Over time additions have been made to the rear of the building. A new Bank of New South Wales was erected on the corner of Kent and Bazaar Streets in 1956 meaning that the 1877 building was redundant and was subsequently sold to the Commonwealth of Australia, when the Post Master General&#39;s Department moved into the building. By 1981 the Queensland Government acquired the property and the National Parks and Wildlife Service used the building as their regional office. In 1995 the building was acquired by Maryborough City Council who have, again, renovated the building for use as a local heritage research centre.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, the lower floor of the building is occupied by the Maryborough Family Heritage Institute and the upper floor is occupied by the Maryborough District Family History Society.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Maryborough Heritage Centre is a two storeyed rendered brick building prominently located on the corner of Richmond and Wharf Streets, Maryborough. This intersection houses four important historical sites of which the Heritage Centre forms an integral part.</p><br>
<p>The building is of loadbearing construction and has a rectangular plan and a hipped roof clad with corrugated iron. The building is surrounded on three sides by a double-storeyed verandah, with hipped curved awnings supported on cast iron columns on the first floor. A wide fascia board at the first floor level of the verandah, has signage, "Maryborough Heritage Centre". Joining the columns on the first floor are balustrade panels of decorative cast iron. Surmounting the columns on the first floor is a dentilled entablature, being the fascia of the awning. The ground floor of the verandah is lined with cast iron columns on rendered masonry plinths between which a wrought iron balustrade runs, also on a rendered masonry plinth.</p><br>
<p>The building has principal facades to both Richmond and Wharf Streets. The faces of the building are divided into vertical bays by shallow pilasters between which there are square headed arched window openings. The principal entrances to the building are through two timber framed doorways on the Richmond Street elevation. The openings on the ground floor align with similarly proportioned openings on the first floor, fitted with double half-glazed French doors.</p><br>
<p>Internally the building is arranged from a narrow hallway accessed from one of the principal entrances at the south-western end of the Richmond Street elevation, in which a timber stair runs to the first floor. The interior is generally timber boarded floors and plaster walls and ceilings. In the original banking chamber in the eastern corner of the building, which has its own entrance centrally located on the Richmond Street elevation and features elaborate plaster cornice and ceiling rose. Many rooms inside the former bank have pressed metal ceilings. On the first floor the ceilings are generally timber-boarded.</p><br>
<p>At the rear of the building are rendered masonry extensions, which have been added over time and are not always aligned with the original building, as is evidenced by a small set of internal stairs required to access the rear of the first floor. The extensions are both one- and two-storeyed. A timber open tread, quarter turn stair is located externally on the north western facade.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Maryborough Heritage Centre was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Maryborough Heritage Centre is a former Bank of New South Wales constructed in 1877 when the town was experiencing rapid expansion as a result of the nearby Gympie goldfields for which it was a port and demonstrates the growth of the town during this period. The building is part of an important area, formerly the financial and judicial heart of Maryborough adjacent to the early port facilities.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building is a good example of a two storeyed masonry nineteenth century bank, with elaborate banking chamber on the ground floor and residence above.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building is a well composed and prominent landmark in Maryborough and has aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The Maryborough Heritage Centre is important for its use as a public building for about 120 years. Although the functions have changed over the years, the building has retained an important public role and is now the focus of historical research of the area.</p><br>
<p>Maryborough Government Offices Building is a heritage-listed office building at 123 Wharf Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Gilbert Robert Beveridge and Raymond Clare Nowland and built in 1940 by relief work. It is also known as State Government Insurance Offices and State Government Offices. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Maryborough State Government Offices were designed in 1939 by Public Works Department architects GR Beveridge and RC Nowland to supplement the already existing state government office space provided for in the ground floor of the Maryborough Court House. The building was constructed on the Maryborough Courthouse reserve in 1940, replacing an early garden between the Court House and Wharf Street.</p><br>
<p>The Maryborough State Government building is located in a precinct of substantial 19th and early 20th century public and commercial buildings around Wharf Street. It was designed to complement the adjacent Court House as well as the nearby Post Office and Customs House. The precinct around Wharf Street encompasses the core of Maryboroughs historical public and commercial buildings which sprang from the development of the citys wharves in the area in 1852.</p><br>
<p>The original township of Maryborough was situated, not in its current place, but on the north of the Mary River, after wharves were established in 1847-8, to provide transport for wool from sheep stations on the Burnett River. In 1852 the growing town was gradually transferred further north where ships were better able to navigate the river. Development followed and by March 1861, Maryborough was declared a municipality (the Borough of Maryborough) and Henry Palmer was appointed as the first Mayor.</p><br>
<p>During the late 1860s and 1870s Maryborough developed rapidly as the port of the nearby gold rushes in the Gympie area. The first circuit court hearings were held in local hotels from the late 1850s. In about 1856 a permanent court house and lockup for Maryborough were designed by Alexander Dawson, Colonial Architect of New South Wales. By 1857 the New South Wales Government voted that the sum of £1000 be spent on the erection of a courthouse and lockup, but it seems this was not completed until the early 1860s (after the Separation of Queensland). These brick buildings, supposedly the first brick structures in Maryborough, were built on the corner of Kent and Adelaide Streets, on the site of the present City Hall. Repairs and additions were made to these buildings in 1871 but, soon after, plans were being prepared for a new courthouse on another site.</p><br>
<p>FDG Stanley, the Colonial Architect of Queensland was responsible for the design of the new building which was completed by September 1875 when Stanley write a memo about his proposal:the design has been arranged so as to place offices of the Department of Roads, Public Lands and Survey on the ground floor as being more readily accessible from the street, and the courts and offices associated therewith on the upper floor as being removed from noise and as being in a better position as regards ventilation. The material to be employed is brick on stone foundations faced in cement when not covered by verandahs; the roof to be slated and the internal finishings of a plain substantial character.Stanley remained in the positions of Colonial Architect for effectively ten years, from 1871 until 1881, during which time and with the help of his staff he produced many fine public buildings throughout Queensland, including several Maryborough buildings. The tender for the erection of the Maryborough Court House was won by John Thomas Annear with the sum of £7345 and work on the building was completed by 20 September 1877. The former court house was retained at its original site and became used as a quarters for police and was demolished to make way for the construction of the new Town Hall in 1908.</p><br>
<p>The Maryborough Court House was a large two storeyed building, designed to house the offices of several government departments on the ground floor and the court room and ancillary facilities above. The building was sited overlooking Queens Park and addressing both Wharf and Richmond Streets. Between Wharf Street and the courthouse a garden was established which enhanced the buildings garden setting.</p><br>
<p>The ground floor of the courthouse provided offices for government departments. However, more floor space was needed and therefore the decision was made to erect a new Government Offices Building, in line with government policy for encouraging capital works in the 1930s to overcome the effect of the Great Depression. The Government Offices Building was designed by the Department of Public Works and two staff members seem to have been involved on the project. Two drawings of the proposed building were prepared. The first set was drawn by GR Beveridge and included elevations, ceiling and roof plans and general layouts of the site and the other, by RC Nowland is a detailed floor plan.</p><br>
<p>The Government Offices Building impacted on the courthouse as the courthouse gardens were sacrified to provide the space for the new building. However, as the construction of the new offices solved problems of space in the courthouse, the courthouse was remodelled internally at the same time.</p><br>
<p>The Maryborough Government Offices Building continues to house Queensland Government Departments and displays much of its original design and fittings.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Maryborough Government Office Building is a substantial rendered brick building prominently located on the corner of Wharf and Richmond Streets, alongside the Court House. The building is designed to complement the proportions and massing of the Court House.</p><br>
<p>The building has a rectangular plan with a corrugated fibrous cement hipped roof over the body of the building, with hipped sections over the two bays at either end of the building. The corrugated fibrous- cement roof tiles simulate the appearance of terracotta tiles. The overhanging eaves of the roof are supported on moulded corbels which provide a decorative line around the cornice of the building.</p><br>
<p>The symmetrically composed Wharf Street facade of the Government Offices is divided into three bays, comprising the central portion and side wings. The ground floor of the building displays rendered stone coursing and is lined with a number of round arched window openings. Centrally projecting from the ground floor Wharf Street facade is a one storeyed entrance vestibule. This continues the ground floor stone coursing and has a centrally located round arched entrance which is surrounded by relief rendered quoining and an arched fanlight above. The central doorway is surmounted by a rectangular keystone which displays in relief the name "Maryborough Government Office Building". The upper floor of the building is lined with rectangular window openings glazed with six panelled vertical sash windows.</p><br>
<p>The side wings at either end of the building principally house the internal stairs and are distinguished externally by a central arched doorway to the street. The wings are stepped-back from the front facade of the building and flank the central core in symmetry.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building comprises two levels which display much of the original fittings and joinery. The entrance to the lower floor leads into a large reception area which features a decorative terrazzo floor and large solid timber service counter. From this public space, the open-plan central office space can be seen and is accessed by a passage to the side of the counter. The central office area features decorative plaster coffered ceilings.</p><br>
<p>Located in the north-east corner of the ground floor is a records room adjoining a strong room which were part of the original plans. The strong room still displays its iron door, however both rooms are used for storage. In the south-east corner of the ground floor is a private office, originally the managers office, which has original paquetry floors and timber panelled walls. This plan is replicated at the south-west corner of the ground floor, however this room does not display the same quality finishes. The north-west corner of the ground floor contains a separate room which was originally used at the typists room.</p><br>
<p>Extending outward from the central open office space are two passageways which lead to stairways located in the side wings. The staircases and lower ground landings are intact and display terrazo flooring and steps with decorative rectangular cast-iron balustrade panels of a modern design consisting of three upright bars, the cental bar being a barley-twist. The handrails and upright posts are of timber. The ground floor landings also give access to Wharf Street via a double set of doors, the inner doors being French doors with six-panelled glass panes and the outer door of solid timber with surmounting fanlight. These landings also display original timber directory boards with glass panes.</p><br>
<p>The upper floor consists of numerous offices which flank either side of a narrow hall which runs the length of the central core of the building. This floor is characterised by its high quality timber features namely office doors and joinery and externally studded ceilings in a grid pattern. Toilets are located at either end of the upper floor, in the side wings.</p><br>
<p>The rear of the building, the northern face, fronts onto a landscaped pedestrian walkway which runs between the government offices and the courthouse. The walkway contains a recently completed mosaic ground mural in commemoration of the centenary of Federation.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Maryborough Government Offices Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Constructed in 1940, the Maryborough Government Offices Building is important in demonstrating the continued role of the city of Maryborough as a regional administration centre which developed from its significant position as a major Port of Entry since the 1850s. The building is also an example of construction work carried out under the unemployment relief scheme instigated by the State Government during the depression of the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The Maryborough Government Offices Building is a good representative example of the Inter-War Georgian Revival style and is typical of the high standard of public buildings designed by the Queensland State Government Architects in this style prior to the Second World War. Other examples of this type of building include the Innisfail and Mackay Court Houses and the Government Offices in Cairns and Townsville. The intact interior design features such as the strong room, the individual offices and the high quality of finishes also demonstrate the workings of state government administration at the time of construction.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building is an important component of the Wharf Street precinct which comprises predominantly substantial commercial and public buildings from the 19th and early 20th centuries which developed near the busy trading centre of the Mary River wharves and now present a coherent character throughout the area. The building complements other buildings in the Wharf Street precinct, particularly the adjacent Court House to which it is harmonious in scale and form, making a significant contribution to the townscape. The form, scale and fabric of the building illustrate a skilled design approach, and the detailing of the materials and finishes exhibit fine quality craftsmanship.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Maryborough Government Offices Building has special association with the work of the Queensland Works Department as a good example of their inter-war work throughout the State.</p><br>
<p>The Ruth Paine Home at 2515 W. 5th Street in Irving, Texas, United States, is the location where Lee Harvey Oswald spent the night before assassinating President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. It was from the house&#39;s garage that he removed the rifle he used for the assassination, which he had previously concealed there.</p><br>
<p>The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 16, 2014.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Located in the Dallas suburb of Irving, the Paine home was a key location in the John F. Kennedy assassination saga of 1963. The house, owned at the time by Michael and Ruth Paine, served as a temporary residence for Marina Oswald and her children. The Paines were separated and living apart, so Ruth had offered her home to Marina.</p><br>
<p>Marina&#39;s husband, Lee Harvey Oswald, was living at a rooming house at 1026 N. Beckley in Dallas to be near his newly acquired job at the Texas School Book Depository in Downtown Dallas. Lee would visit Marina and the children customarily on Fridays and spend the weekend at the Paine home, then return again to Dallas for work on Monday.</p><br>
<p>After his shift on Thursday, November 21, 1963, Lee surprised co-worker Buell Wesley Frazier in asking for a ride back to Irving on Thursday instead of the following day. Buell, a nearby neighbor of the Paines, also worked at the Texas School Book Depository, and he and Lee would commute together daily to Downtown Dallas. Lee stated that Marina had made him some new curtains for his apartment and wanted to retrieve them.</p><br>
<p>On the morning of November 22, 1963, Oswald retrieved his rifle from the garage, where it was concealed in a blanket on the garage floor. Leaving early before anyone was awake, and leaving cash and his wedding ring on a bedside table, Lee reportedly then wrapped the rifle in some bulk brown wrapping paper and proceeded a half block to the home where Buell Wesley Frazier stayed. He placed the package in the back seat and began the commute to the Texas School Book Depository.</p><br>
<p>President John F. Kennedy was assassinated hours later as his presidential motorcade passed directly in front of the building.</p><br>
<h2>Purchase by City of Irving and museum</h2><br>
<p>In 2009, the City of Irving purchased the property and began plans to restore the home. In an effort to return the home to its 1963 appearance, the city spent an estimated $100,000.Lee, Christine (February 6, 2013)</p><br>
<p>"", Dallas Morning News. Restoration began in 2011, and the Ruth Paine Home was opened as a museum on November 6, 2013.</p><br>
<p>Maryborough School of Arts is a heritage-listed school of arts at 427 Kent Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by John Harry Grainger and built from 1887 to 1888 by Jacob & John Rooney. It is also known as Museum and Technical College and Recreation Club. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Maryborough School of Arts was constructed in 1887-1888 to the design of Melbourne and Adelaide architect, John Grainger. The substantial two-storeyed rendered brick building replaced the first Maryborough School of Arts which was a small brick building constructed in 1861 soon after the establishment of a local School of Arts committee in 1860.</p><br>
<p>The original township of Maryborough was situated, not in its current place, but on the north of the Mary River, after wharves were established in 1847-8 providing transport for wool from sheep stations on the Burnett River. In 1850 Surveyor, Hugh Roland Labatt arrived in Maryborough with instructions to "examine the River Mary...to suggest...the best site or sites for the laying out of the town, having regard to the convenience of shipping on one hand and internal communication on the other...also...point out the spots desirable as reserves for public building, church, quay and for places for public recreation." The site recommended by Labatt was not where settlement was established but further east and from the early 1850s this is where the growing town developed.</p><br>
<p>By 1860 the local community had decided upon the erection of a School of Arts, where technical classes could be held for adults and provision made for a public library. Schools of Arts were established all over Queensland in the nineteenth century, with the Brisbane School of Arts being the first in 1849. The institutions were part of a nineteenth-century British movement encouraging widespread popular education, particularly in industrial areas. Mechanics Institutes and later Schools of Arts, co-operative societies, working men&#39;s colleges and the university extension movement were all formed to improve the education of working men and instruct them in various trades. This movement broadened to include all types of adult education, both technical and cultural. Applied or useful arts, rather than fine arts, formed the basis of the education provided at the Schools of Arts, as they became the forerunners to the technical education movement and in fact usually provided class rooms for what latter became technical colleges.</p><br>
<p>Four tenders were received by the School of Arts Committee on 10 October 1860 for the erection of a timber building and that of local contractor, W Holland for £430 was accepted. In January of the following year it was reported that the Queensland Government had granted a site to the Committee for the erection of their building, describes as Allotment 4 on Section 85 containing an area of two roods. The Queensland Government generally supported the establishment of Schools of Arts throughout Queensland and often provided some sort of subsidy, in the form of a loan for construction as well as a land grant for their construction. The land granted was in Kent Street where the current School of Arts building stands, opposite the early police and justice reserve.</p><br>
<p>The foundation stone was laid on 5 February 1861 by Gilbert Eliott, the newly elected member for Wide Bay in the Queensland Legislative Assembly. On 17 October 1861 the building was officially opened with the hope that it would "be the first of a number of links which would unite all classes for the common good, it was a place where all could meet without distinction." The building constructed was of brick with a steeply pitched gabled roof and ornamental bargeboard, symmetrically arranged with a central entrance and simple flat arched window openings.</p><br>
<p>Although Maryborough was proclaimed a municipality (the Borough of Maryborough) in October 1861 it was not until 1874 that the town acquired a Town Hall which was constructed beside the first School of Arts. In 1884 a Maryborough School of Arts Land Sale Act (1884) was passed to enable the trustees of the School of Arts to sell a portion of their grant to finance the construction of a new School of Arts. As early as 1885 sections of the allotment were sold with the largest section retained as the site of the new School of Arts.</p><br>
<p>Competitive designs were invited from architects for a substantial School of Arts in Maryborough and £50 prize money being offered. Thirty one entries were received and, at a meeting on 10 November 1886, that of John Grainger was awarded the first prize and the contract for the project. The prize winning entry was for a substantial two-storeyed rendered brick building, with a prominent classically inspired facade which was to cost no more than £3,000.</p><br>
<p>John Grainger was an architect of Adelaide and Melbourne who had opened an office in Brisbane after his partnership, Grainger and DEbro, won a design competition for the Brisbane Public Offices, later known as the Treasury Building. However, their design for the Brisbane building was overlooked in favour of John James Clarks. Grainger returned to Melbourne and his partnership with Charles D&#39;Ebro ended before he entered the competition for the Maryborough School of Arts. After completion of that project he was appointed to the position of Chief Architect of the Western Australian Department of Public Works.</p><br>
<p>The contract for the construction of the School of Arts was let on 1 March 1887 to local contractors, Jacob and John Rooney (J&J Rooney) and the final construction cost was £3,500. The foundation stone for the building was laid on 3 June 1887 in an elaborate ceremony.</p><br>
<p>The building constructed was a substantial tw- storeyed rendered brick structure with a classically inspired facade reflecting the cultural and educational aspirations of the institution. Many public buildings constructed since the Renaissance employed elements of classical architecture to imbue the structure with a sense of tradition and authority. The principal facade of the Maryborough School of Arts employs classical proportion and symmetry as well as detailing like the round arched windows of the first floor, oculi openings above the ground floor windows, entablature surmounted by central triangular pediment flanked by acroteria, as well as a system of projecting pilasters and rustication encouraging a three dimensional quality. In a lengthy report on Maryborough in 1895, the Sydney Mail, described the School of Arts as the "lion of the town" to which "every visitor is duty bound to go over...and admire...with fervour."</p><br>
<p>The building was opened in a discreet ceremony on 21 May 1888 and a short report in the Maryborough Chronicle, described the building and services offered in the improved structure. The library, with over 5,000 volumes, was housed on the ground floor as well as two large class rooms separated by cedar folding doors. On the first floor was a reading room with a groined ceiling and, adjacent to this, a smoking room. Later in 1888 the School of Arts Committee received a grant of £500 from local benefactor, Janet Melville for the establishment of a museum in the new building. Glass cabinets were fixed in the foyer and reading room and an extensive collection was amassed including timber and mineral samples, works of art and examples of taxidermy.</p><br>
<p>After a grant of £2,500 was received from the Queensland Government for the establishment of technical classes in art and science in 1890, the Maryborough School of Arts commenced teaching classes. The popularity and success of these technical classes, which would in time lead to the establishment of the Maryborough Technical College, meant that a timber class room extension was added to the rear of the building in 1895. J & J Rooney&#39;s tender of £165/2/0 was accepted on 11 January and the extension was completed in June 1895.</p><br>
<p>In April 1896 a verandah and ground floor loggia was added to the eastern side of the School of Arts to the design of local contractor Charles Crystall from partnership, Crystall and Armstrong. The tender of another local contractor, Henry Neale, for £189/10/0 was accepted for the construction of the verandah and loggia and the cast iron balustrading was sourced from the local Albion Foundry. The spaces thus formed were provided as a shady retreat in the "trying summer months". A verandah was also erected on the rear of the timber classroom extension in 1900, although this section was again extended in 1903-1904 with the erection of another lecture hall. A Recreation Club was established in one of the rear timber buildings and this was furnished with billiard tables and assumed the role of the smoking room on the first floor of the main building which was converted into a reference library.</p><br>
<p>The next major alteration occurred in 1907 when Bundaberg architect, Frederic Herbert Faircloth was commissioned to design a gallery in the library of the School of Arts. Faircloth had previously designed a similar gallery for the School of Arts in Bundaberg. Tenders were called on 21 August 1907 and the lowest tender from T. McLeod of £94 was accepted. The final cost of the gallery was £134/1/1 and the timber structure provided a balustraded internal balcony on three sides of the library and was accessed by a narrow timber stair from the ground floor. This addition allowed the book shelving to be extended to the ceiling.</p><br>
<p>The Maryborough Technical College, although still housed in the School of Arts, became a separately managed association with its own committee in 1910. When the Maryborough City Hall was erected opposite the School of Arts, the former town hall site was purchased for the erection of technical college buildings. By 1936 the Technical College had expanded and was removed from the School of Arts to the newly established Maryborough State High School, at the former Grammar School grounds.</p><br>
<p>From the 1920s government subsidies to the School of Arts were reduced, in favour of the technical colleges and this further reduced their role in the community. Renovation projects were undertaken at the School of Arts from the 1910s and the building became used as offices for various local community bodies, including the Country Womens Association and the Grammarians Recreation Club. During the World War II the School of Arts was resumed by the Government for use by the Australian Comforts Fund when extra bathroom facilities were added. A servicemens club for members of the RAAF stationed in Maryborough was established in the building.</p><br>
<p>Although the library continued operating on the ground floor, the first floor of the School of Arts was maintained as tenancies for various bodies after the World War II. In 1949 the Australian Broadcasting Company (ABC) and the Engineering Section of the Post Master Generals Department (PMG) moved into the first floor. Plans for offices and a broadcasting studio for the ABC were prepared by Brisbane architects, Hennessy & Hennessy, and the local ABC radio was established in the building. At this time the eastern verandah was enclosed to house offices of the PMGs Department.</p><br>
<p>In 1943 the Libraries Act was passed which sought to make better provision for the establishment and management of public libraries. The Act empowered local authorities to establish libraries, and also to assume management of the libraries currently operated by Schools of Arts. However, it was not until 1972 that the Maryborough City Council and the School of Arts Committee drew up an agreement which meant resulted in the Council accepting trusteeship of the School of Arts land and buildings, and for the council to be responsible for any financial deficiencies of the Committee. The School of Arts Committee agreed to operate the library until a Municipal Library was established. The Maryborough Public Library was opened in May 1977 and this meant the closure of the library at the School of Arts. Following this the Maryborough Wide Bay and Burnett Historical Society remained in the building as tenants and were given a forty-year lease.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Maryborough School of Arts is a substantial two storeyed masonry building, prominently located on Kent Street adjacent to the new City Council Chambers and opposite the 1906 Town Hall. The site contains the building constructed to the line of the footpath with a two storeyed timber framed verandah to the south east covering a driveway to an open space at the rear. The School of Arts is a smooth rendered brick building with a hipped roof.</p><br>
<p>The principal, south western facade of the School of Arts, which addresses Kent Street, is symmetrically arranged and employs classical proportion and detailing. The facade is divided into five bays divided by rusticated pilasters at the ground floor level and by single and double engaged columns with Corinthian capitals on the first floor. The central bay features a recessed arched entrance porch to which access is provided via two concrete steps from ground level. The keystone of the moulding surrounding the archway has a plaster moulded bust of Minerva, goddess of the city and protector of civilised life. From behind her head foliage, of two different types, emerges. Flanking the entrance, in the recesses formed by the rusticated pilasters, are two square arched openings surmounted by oculi with decorative mouldings joining the two windows. At first floor level are five, equally sized, round arched openings, in the recesses of the attached columns, with sills resting on blank balustraded panels. Mouldings surround the arched heads of these windows, and moulded swags are found on recessed panels above the windows. The engaged columns support an entablature which acts as a parapet, with a central projecting panel featuring the words, "SCHOOL OF ARTS". Above the signage panel is a triangular pediment supported on a rectangular panel divided by squat engaged columns aligned with those on the levels below.</p><br>
<p>The north western facade of the building is attached to the adjacent City Council Chambers and a recent thoroughfare on the first floor of the School of Arts provides access to its neighbouring building. The south eastern elevation of the School of Arts is concealed by a double storeyed verandah covering a driveway on that side of the building. The verandah is supported, at ground level on a series of cast iron columns on masonry plinths, and has a deep scalloped timber frieze below first floor level. The first floor of the verandah structure is infilled with fibrous cement sheeting and glazing. The face of this side of the building continues the openings found on the principal facade for two bays. The rear of the School of Arts is unrendered brickwork, of two types of brick reflecting the growth of the building. There are only four small square openings at first floor level on this elevation.</p><br>
<p>Internally the building is arranged around a large central hall, accessed from the principal entrance off Kent Street. Rooms are found off either side of the hall on the ground floor and the hall is terminated in the eastern corner of the building with the stair hall. The entrance is through an elaborate double timber door opening from the recessed porch. The doors are half glazed and panelled, surmounted by a triangular pedimented entablature and all surrounded by clear glazed sidelights and semicircular fanlight. Generally the interior has timber boarded floors, plastered walls and timber boarded ceilings. On the first floor level of the building the ceilings are of timber boards which rake downwards to meet original walls. The dog legged timber stair is cantilevered above the midway landing and has turned timber balusters and substantial turned and carved timber newels. Providing natural lighting to the stairwell is a large round arched opening on the south eastern wall of the building.</p><br>
<p>On the ground level of the School of Arts, through a door on the north west side of the central hall is the early library of the building, now used by a local historical society. This large room, extending almost the full length of the building, has a timber gallery, which seems to be suspended with iron rods from roof beams, to which access is provided via a steep and narrow stair. The gallery is lined with a simple cast iron balustrade, comprising decorative iron newels joined by an iron rail, and a base skirting board of timber with trefoiled cutouts. The library is filled with early books and bookshelves, early museum display cabinets and other early items of importance to the understanding of the history of the building. Elsewhere on the ground and upper floor are smaller rooms with extant timber joinery and other fittings.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>School of Arts was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Maryborough School of Arts building demonstrates the development of adult education in Queensland from the nineteenth century movement concerned with providing popular education by local communities to twentieth century state education programmes.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building is characteristic of a large regional School of Arts, constructed in a classical style, and housing a reading room, library and class rooms. Though a standard feature of most Queensland towns of the nineteenth century, Schools of Art have been replaced by other education facilities and municipal libraries, and therefore a once prominent and integral feature of the town fabric, the civic role of the Maryborough School of Arts has been altered dramatically.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building is an important element of the Kent Street streetscape, with a prominent, well composed facade. The building features fine joinery, well crafted plasterwork and well proportioned internal spaces.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The building, a public facility for over one hundred years and the forerunner to the current municipal library and technical college, has special importance to the local community.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The building, a public facility for over one hundred years and the forerunner to the current municipal library and technical college, has special importance to the local community.</p><br>
<p>Maryborough Waterside Workers&#39; Hall is a heritage-listed former trade union building at 96 Wharf Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1918. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 July 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Waterside Workers&#39; Hall Maryborough is a single storeyed timber building erected for the Maryborough branch of the Waterside Workers Federation.</p><br>
<p>The Port of Maryborough was regularly visited by a number of ships, most of which were associated with the carrying of timber. In 1850 the town of Maryborough was moved to its present site as that part of the Mary River was considered preferable for shipping. Gazetted a port in 1859, Maryborough continued to develop as the major port and centre servicing the Wide Bay region.</p><br>
<p>The Hall was used as a meeting place and pickup centre for the workers. It was funded by a levy of £2 struck on all members and was erected in Wharf Street, in proximity to the wharves and also to other buildings including the Bond Store, Customs House, and several hotels, also associated with the workings of the port. Prior to 1943, workers were selected according to the Bull System, that is workers for each shift were chosen by the shipping bosses. After that time, they were selected by the Union on a rotational basis. Both systems required the men to present themselves for work on notice of the arrival of a ship. In Maryborough some companies required the wharfies to meet at the wharves. Others, such as local firms Hyne and Son and Wilson Hart are recorded as using the Hall as a pickup centre, which, as a sheltered building with seating was preferred by the wharfies to the open sheds on the wharves.</p><br>
<p>With changes in communication and transportation and the development and increasing importance of Urangan as a deep water sugar port, the Port of Maryborough began to decline. By the 1950s Maryborough wharfies were increasingly employed at Urangan, but with Maryborough remaining the pickup place for local workers.</p><br>
<p>On 18 March 1963 the last work was performed by waterside workers at Maryborough. The Maryborough Branch and the Hall were, however, maintained, although all work performed by Maryborough workers was done at Urangan, Bundaberg, and Gladstone. In 1972, the register of waterside workers which was still maintained at Maryborough was closed and a register opened at Urangan. The Urangan Branch assumed control of the assets of the Maryborough Branch.</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s the back half of the hall was rented to the present owner for storage. The front section was also rented to both bands for rehearsal and to weightlifters as a training centre. In 1980, the building was purchased by the present owner, who operates a marine engineering business from an adjoining building. The hall is currently used for storage.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Waterside Workers&#39; Hall is a single-storeyed timber and iron building facing Wharf Street to the north, with a view of the Mary River to the northeast.</p><br>
<p>This long rectangular building has a corrugated iron gable roof, timber stumps and a single skin chamferboard street facade with recessed central entry and a sash window to either side. These windows have sheet metal hoods and the gable has a mounted flagpole. The single skin weatherboard east elevation has sash windows and borders a service lane. Other elevations are of corrugated iron with a lean-to structure at the rear containing a gantry for unloading equipment.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the central entry leading into the hall, has a room to either side with single skin tongue-and-groove partition walls, most of which is missing from the northwest room. The roof is unlined and the rear lean-to, which has a raised timber floor, was accessed via an opening which resembles a proscenium arch.</p><br>
<p>The Criterion Hotel borders the west boundary and a diesel workshop and a large boarding house is located to the east. The rear of the property is grassed.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Maryborough Waterside Workers&#39; Hall was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 July 1993 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#x27;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Maryborough Waterside Workers Hall, erected, is important in demonstrating the pattern of the Queenslands history, in particular the development of Maryborough as a shipping port for the Wide Bay district and the development of Wharf Street to service that port area.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>It is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a worker&#39;s hall and meeting place.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>It is important in exhibiting a range of aesthetic characteristics valued by the local community, in particular the unpretentious and elegant nature of the building&#39;s forms, its interaction with the surrounding buildings, and its contribution to the streetscape of Wharf Street and to the Maryborough townscape.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#x27;s history.</p><br>
<p>It has a special association with the Waterside Workers&#39; Union in Maryborough.</p><br>
<p>Jamestown Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Jamestown in Chautauqua County, New York. The district encompasses 103 contributing buildings in the central business district of Jamestown. The district developed between about 1873 and 1956, and includes buildings in a variety of architectural styles including Italianate, Gothic Revival, Second Empire, Romanesque Revival, Classical Revival, Renaissance Revival, and Art Deco. Located in the district is the separately listed Wellman Building. Other notable buildings include the Arcade Building , Odd Fellows Lodge , Bank of Jamestown , Hotel Samuels , Hotel Jamestown , Chautauqua School of Nursing , Jamestown Telephone Company , Maddox Building , First National Bank , Pennsylvania Gas Company building , Chautauqua National Bank , Palace Theatre , Allen’s Opera House , and the former Broadhead Worsted Mills .</p><br>
<p>Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
